Mallarme(Poet) Essays - Prose, Prose Poetry, Poetry, Symbolism

Mallarme(Poet) St?phane Mallarm? St?phane Mallarm?, a French poet, became one of the most important masters of French symbolism, a nineteenth-century movement in poetry that stressed impressions and moods rather than descriptions of reality (Online). The poetry of Charles Baudelaire, Arthur Rimbaud, Paul Verlaine, and others strongly affected Mallarm?'s writing (Online). He used symbolism to represent human emotions to make his poems unclear, thus avoiding direct communication with his readers (Online & World Book 110,111). Mallarm? was born in Paris on March 18, 1842 (Online). After his mother died when he was seven years old, his grandmother became his parental role model. His education included upper-class boarding schools where he often felt out of place because of his middle class background. When he was fifteen, the death of his younger sister, Maria, greatly influenced his poetic development. He turned from Romantic lyricism to much more morbid subjects like Baudelaire's Les fleurs du mal. In 1860, he received his baccalaureate degree from a ?lycee? in Sens. After an apprenticeship in the Registry's office, in 1862 he had his first sonnet published in Le papillon, a literary journal. In 1862 Mallarm? married Maria Gerhard and became a teacher in Tournon. The difficult duties of teaching often interrupted his poetic work and thoughts. Although his students made fun of him, Mallarm? was not discouraged and continued his writing. After translating Edgar Allan Poe's English poems into French, Mallarm?'s chief influence became Poe rather than Baudelaire. He began to compose long imaginative poems and a prose poem called Herodiade, the biblical story of Salome who caused John the Baptist's murder. Then he wrote his best-known poem L'Apr?s-midi d'un faune (Afternoon of a Faun), which explores the difference between reality and fantasy (World Book 110,111). After moving to Paris in 1875 and becoming a teacher at College Rollin, Mallarm? began to associate with such famous French poets as Theodore de Banville, Paul Verlaine, and Gustave Kahn (Online). These and others visited him on Tuesday evenings (les mardis), and these poets became known as les mardistes. Mallarm? spoke about using words as symbols and was considered an oracle. He became known as the ?Master of Symbolism? because of the great effect he had on the poets of his age. To honor his colleagues, he later wrote Toast funebre and ?Le tombeau d'Edgar Poe? (?The Tomb of Edgar Poe?), a poem telling of Poe's ?eternal genius? despite his sad life. This poem is one of the most often quoted poems in French literature. In 1869, Mallarm? started but did not complete Igitur: ou, la folie d'Elbehnon, twelve prose fragments of different lengths (Online). Classified as a story, a prose poem, and a drama, Igitur did not appeal to feelings but to the intelligence of the reader. It shows his lifelong preoccupation with death, infinity, fantasy, and absence. Despite Mallarm?'s requests to dispose of his Igitur notes at his death, his son-in-law, Dr. Bonninot, tried to reorganize the prose fragments and published them in 1925. In his final work Un coup de des jamais n'abolira le hasard (A Throw of the Dice Never Will Abolish Chance), Mallarm? showed his interest in musical verse form and set his words in different typefaces to illustrate visually the subject of the poem and to stress the unity of thought and sound. Mallarm? thought that one should not change or paraphrase the language of a poem (Americana 143). He believed that sacred things are surrounded in mystery and that poetry has secrets that should be protected, just as religion does. According to Mallarm?, poetry is not like music because the latter cannot be understood by all. To this poet, the silences in a poem are just as important as the words. He also thought that the reason for writing poetry is the creation of poetic language; therefore, poetry itself is the subject of all poems. Although Mallarm? tried to develop a ?Grand Oeuvre,? he spent so much time and energy thinking about the true nature of poetry that he was unable to write this work (Online). He sometimes suffered from depression and lack of creativity due to his changing poetic intentions, his dislike for instant pleasure in literature, and his insistence that the reader himself search for the symbolic meaning in

Сoca cola and Levis blue jeans

Ð ¡oca cola and Levis blue jeans Introduction Both coca cola and Levi’s blue jeans are commodities required by human beings. These commodities have positive and negative impacts on the economy, environment, as well as people. Blue jeans are worn everywhere throughout the world.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ð ¡oca cola and Levi’s blue jeans specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Impacts of global consumer items (coca cola and blue jeans) Globalisation is the process in which people of the whole world unify into a distinct society and function. Also, it is one of the ways the consumers or shareholders can have an impact on business decisions, according to report made in the research. For example, when consumers demand more commodities, the manufacturer must expand on their production. Rapid growth and development of industries is a significant contribution to globalization. The research states that coca cola expansion is a process of embed ding and re- embedding brand coke for buyers. During the manufacture of coca cola and Levi’s blue jeans, there is a production of waste products, however. Despite these waste products, during the manufacture of blue jeans at the finishing process, the chemicals used are environmentally friendly. The hazardous products cause serious harm to the environment and to people living in it. Poisonous gases are an example of these harmful products. They cause respiratory diseases like lung cancer. This leads to a decline in the economic growth since money invested is used to treat people. Global consumer items (coca cola and blue jeans) create employment. Industries require many employees. Therefore, these commodities lead to reduction of criminal actions since many people are not idle. This is an advantage to many people living in this world. Coca cola, as a soft drink, helps to quench people’s thirst especially during dry seasons. The Levi’s blue jeans make people look smart. Also, they help in saving people’s money since their materials, like cotton, are durable (Jamieson 301). The blue jeans help in creating market for products like cotton since it is a raw material.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reduction of Carbon 1V Oxide in the air is another impact. This is because it is a requirement in the preservation of coca cola (Foster 196). It also reduces acid rain, which is a result of reaction of water with Carbon 1V Oxide. The rain is utterly destructive to the environment and its contents. Significance for coca cola and Levi’s blue jeans These global commodities are not simply items that we just buy and sell. Consumption of coca cola is not simply an act of destruction as the research reports. It is a category of labour. Coca cola and blue jeans play significant roles in a society. For example, they help in pro moting entrepreneurship. This applies for both the commodities-coca cola and blue jeans. People start their own businesses to specialize in selling soft drinks while others start selling Levi’s blue jeans. This helps to raise growth of the economy. Also, the blue jeans are very crucial to the society since they encourage planting of more cotton to provide it as a raw material in blue jeans industries. In this way, there is an improvement in the farmers’ way of life (Snyder 87). The blue jeans are one of the clothing styles which have lasted for many decades while other styles come and go. It is therefore evident that human beings who wear blue jeans are comfortable with them. Interruption with coca cola and Levi’s blue jeans Interruption happens when people’s way of doing a certain thing changes because of introduction another idea or thing. Coca Cola has made people not to drink only water when feeling thirsty. Also, the blue jeans have made many people stop wearing any other types of clothes. When distributors deliver coca cola products to retailers to sell them to consumers, they are interrupting with commodities. During ceremonies like wedding, people consume coca cola products. During dry seasons, coca cola is a must since people are extremely thirsty. When it comes to blue jeans, interruption occurs as customers are buying them; as well as when the entrepreneurs go buying them from the manufacturers. During advertisements, we interrupt with the blue jeans since we and the society are part of this. For example, during the promotion of coca cola, many people participate in it, for instance, those who want to be rewarded.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ð ¡oca cola and Levi’s blue jeans specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Social relationship among people It is the association among people in a society. It includes association in friendship, work place, famil y, and places of worship. There is diffusion of culture among people especially during marketing of these products. Advertising has made people know what is extremely popular in the United States, and as a result, blue jeans and coca cola are now popular in other parts of the world (Blanding 221). This has led to considerable relationship of people in the United States and those in other countries in the world. Sometimes when it comes to blue jeans, the relationship among traders is not satisfactory. This happens especially between industries which mimic clothing styles of the original ones claiming that theirs is the best. This makes the marketing of clothes like blue jeans extremely hard. As a result conflicts appear since the blue jeans company must try and fight these unhealthy competitors. The relationship among manufacturers, agents, retailers, and consumers are normally good. This is because the coca cola company gives the best soft drinks, and has been the leading company. W hen it comes to family relationships, there is happiness brought by sharing soft drinks-coca cola and buying blue jeans. A report on the research is as follows: all ten people from where gathering information took place, praise coca cola as a soft drink which they only go for during dry seasons. According to the peer group, there is no other soft drink which has ever been as healthful as coca cola. The people say that coca cola and blue jeans have helped them to have good association with one another especially during buying. They say that the Levi’s blue jeans are the best jeans they know of and that they have the best cotton materials. From this conducted research, many people consider the importance of coca cola and blue jeans. Some say that, if it were not for coca cola, they could not have anything to earn their living while others say that they specialize in distributing blue jeans to small retailers and consumers.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Others say that the blue jeans help them in saving their money since they are long lasting. They use the money to do other things instead of buying other clothes. According to this report for the research, coca cola and blue jeans have the significant meaning for the society. Blanding, Michael. The Coke machine: the dirty truth behind the worlds favorite soft drink. New York: Avery, 2010. Print Foster, Robert John. Coca-globalization: following soft drinks from New York to New Guinea. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008. Print. Jamieson, Jean. Mr. Blue Jeans, a story about Levi Strauss, by Maryann N. Weidt: teacher guide. San Antonio, TX: Novel Units, Inc., 2002. Print. Snyder, Rachel Louise. Fugitive denim: a moving story of people and pants in the borderless world of global trade. New York: W. W. Norton, 2009. Print.

Matin luther King Juniors I have a dream speech Essay

Matin luther King Juniors I have a dream speech - Essay Example He is well-known worldwide for the speech â€Å"I have a dream†, which was delivered to a crowd of more than 200,000 Americans in 1963. This speech essentially refers to the importance of being given the same rights as other ethnic groups. Today, many people compare King’s â€Å"I have a dream† speech to the "We shall fight" speech, which was delivered by Winston Churchill during the Second World War when Britain suffered from nightly bombings conducted by the German Luftwaffe. Both speeches of the famous leaders sought to reassure their citizens that there was a day that will end the suffering and restore justice for all. Both speeches also called on citizens who were experiencing hardships to come together and fight for emancipation – in Churchill’s case, to protect the state from the Nazis, and in King’s case to fight against discrimination in American society. The â€Å"I have a dream† speech affected millions of citizens not only in the USA but abroad garnering sympathy for the African American cause. The effects of King’s speech on the international audience were immediate. King would make the cover of the ‘Times’ magazine in 1963 and receive the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964. In this particular speech, King sought to reassure disenfranchised people from different ethnicities and races, as well as religious minorities. He stated that all mistreated members of different communities could rise up to provide a united stand against injustice (Hansen 131). King was a unique man in that he believed that the proclaimed goals could be achieved without shedding of blood. This was quite an unusual stand at that time, especially when it came to politicians of the USA. It was hard to believe that King could succeed as most African and Asian nations seeking independence from their colonial masters around that time were engaged in violent riots and wars. King was quite courageous in openly criticizing the institution of segregation, which was usual at that time. In 1963, America was still a segregated society that allowed privileges for white people while African Americans were left to survive on little in the margins of society. Dr King was virtually risking his life by alluding, in his speech, to the fact that he hoped that in the nearest future, his children would not have to experience the segregation that had constantly marked his life. King used the power of emotions to appeal to citizens of different races, particularly those of the white race, to listen to their heart and common sense, to recall the words from the American constitution promising equal rights for all. In the speech, he expressed hope that time would come when his four children experience more freedom than him. By using children as a symbol of bright future, he was able to emotionally affect the white majority to see his point and understand his sorrow. There are no parents, black or white, who would like to s ee their children mistreated in any way or allowed fewer opportunities due to the color of their skin. King also used emotion in the description of African American life in the past and present. In one sentence of his speech he says, â€Å"One hundred years after President Lincoln set the slaves free, the Negro’s life remains wretchedly crippled by the chains of discrimination and segregation† (Hansen 134). By using words like â€Å"

Reading response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

Reading response - Essay Example In my opinion, the text reveals a number interesting religious notions that were commonplace at that time in the society. The text reveals that the established religious norms of the society were close or similar to the protestant faith. It was for this reason that Mrs. Hutchinson was repeatedly asked about this aspect. As was common in most of the older societies, opposing or questioning religious beliefs was not an option for the ordinary people. The religion appears to be the property of Church or the ruling class and it was molded as and when needed. I strongly feel that Mrs. Hutchinson’s stand against the status quo was itself sufficient to stand apart; since no one in the society was willing to accept or talk about the reality. Mrs. Hutchinson’s ideology can be equated to antinomianism – an idea that was unacceptable for the ruling class. The primary reason for unacceptability appears to be the control that this class intended to exert on the other classes of the society. I feel that religion and justice have always been used as tools to control the masses; religion acted by manipulating the people emotionally and by taking control of their belief system, whereas judicial system provided the authority that was required to control those who failed to align with the religious teachings or controls. I am forced to think critically about the role of judicial system that was functioning at the time of Mrs. Hutchinson. At various points in the text, it appears that there is a single person in the court who is defending her case; there is no attorney to assist her about the legalities of her case or to assist her in taking a solid defense. Instead, it appears that a couple of men, who are inclined towards taking punitive action against the lady are surrounding her from all sides and as soon as she leaves one of them ‘answerless’, the other jumps in, to divert her attention or to

Sheltering the Deep Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sheltering the Deep - Essay Example the use of a phrase or word with application of humour in order to empathise different meaning or different uses of the words that sound the same or are a like (James 4). In the article, the author uses pun in different paragraphs like, â€Å"underwater canyon, bottlenose whales". In this phrase, she uses â€Å"bottlenose whales† to make sure that the readers understand the meaning of the word whales. Another pun used is the â€Å"underwater communities†. Another example of a pun in the article is the illustration of "rich waters". She is trying to explain about the birds that uses water to find food and applies pun for the reader to understand. Assonance is also applied in the report in different parts. In many sentences, the author repeats vowel â€Å"e† and â€Å"i† in different sentences. She has used narrowed and swallowed in the same sentences stating that after the lagoon narrowed then even become shallower. Alliteration is used where by she says, â€Å"race

Psychology Essays Hysteria

Psychology Essays Hysteria Hysteria has been seen as both a form of political protest and as the failure to negotiate and resolve the Oedipus complex. Discuss with reference to the Dora case. In many ways, hysteria and the hysteric patient go right to the very heart of psychoanalysis. It was after all, as we shall see, the basis of Freud and Breuers assertions on the validity of psychoanalysis and psychodynamic treatment and has been used ever since by theorists and practitioners as a test case with which to continually asses those initial findings. In the late nineteenth century, as now, the hysteric patient exists in a kind of hinterland of diagnosis, being appropriated for the good, sometimes, of not themselves but the larger discourse of psychiatry or critical theory. The many case histories that litter the canonical texts of psychoanalysis are testament to the wide variety of symptoms and manifestations of hysteria that are as numerous as are the patients themselves. Karl Abraham, in his essay on Hysterical Dream States (1988) gives us this same sense as early as 1910: these states differ greatly in degree, exhibit considerable variations in their duration, are often associated with the affect of anxiety(and)I myself have come across these state sin a number of patients whom I have treated with psychoanalysis. (Abraham, 1988: 90) With this in mind, in this essay I would like to look at two of the most important aetiological views of hysteria of the last hundred and twenty years; those of Freud and the non-resolution of the Oedipus complex and those of the French and American feminists who viewed hysteria as being, not only a manifestation of phallocentric social registers but also a protest against them. In order to centre this study within an existing analytical framework I will constantly refer both views back to Freuds case history of Dora (Freud, 1977), itself of course, one of the seminal early works on the formation of psychoanalysis and thinking of hysteria and hysterical symptoms. One can only appreciate the impact of Freuds work on hysteria, I think, if one first places it into the context of contemporary and preceding medical theory. Niel Micklem in his The Nature of Hysteria (1996) details the conditions long history: The lively interest for medicine that hysteria has aroused since it was first recorded in ancient Egypt more than 3,000 years ago has yielded a substantial amount of writing(and)the most accomplished research worker would be hard pressed to account for all the literature. (Micklem, 1996: 1) As Micklem suggests, hysteria is a protean and multifaceted disease (Micklem, 1996: 3) that is difficult to discern both by the physician and the historian. However right from its earliest beginnings, the notion of hysteria has always been associated with the notion of sexual development and, in particular, that of women. Greek myth is littered with countless examples of phantasmatic conditions brought on by either sexual excess or repression; from the mythological portrait of Demeter to Platos assertions in Timaeus that: When (sexual) desire is unsatisfied the man is over-mastered by the power of the generative organs, and the woman is subjected to disorders from the obstruction of the passages of the breath, until the two meet and pluck the fruit of the tree. (Plato, trans. Howett, 1970, steph.91) As Micklem suggests, this swing between repression and nymphomania has been a constant leitmotif in aetiological thinking regarding hysteria since Plato and Homer. However, in the nineteenth century work of Pierre Briquet and, later Jean Martin Charcot, the reliance upon sex and frustration as a central feature of hysteria was abandoned in favour of an approach that concerned itself far more with genetic and hereditary factors. It was at this time, also, that the psychiatric profession began to take hysteria seriously as a condition and it was chiefly through this that it was twinned with neurosis; a factor that was to have a marked impact on Freuds interest in it as a basis for psychoanalysis. Around the end of the nineteenth century, then, the work of Briquet and Charcot had instilled hysteria into the annals of neurological illness. Charcots work on hysteria concretized the condition as one that could be studied through recognition of underlying psychopathological causes rather than physical symptoms, as Stanley Finger asserts: Charcot hypothesized that mental events can act as agents provocateurs, or triggers, for hysterical reactions, at least in an individuals with weak constitutions. He found provoking agents in the loss of a loved one, fears about a real illness, and work-related trauma. (Finger, 2000: 194) This notion, as Ernest Jones suggests in his The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud (1961: 208) was to have a profound effect on Freud and form the basis of his and Breuers Studies on Hysteria (1972). The case history of Dora stands, along with Anna O, Little Hans and the Rat Man, as seminal texts in the history of psychoanalysis. Freud prefaces his study with the caution that it represents only part of the over all research, however it is a remarkably illuminating and complete record of the early applications of psychoanalysis. The case itself surrounds Dora, an eighteen year old woman who suffered a variety of neurotic illness including shortness of breath (dyspnoea), lose of voice, paralysis, fainting spells, depression and threats of suicide. In analysis, Dora revealed that she had been pursued by Herr K. a family friend, whose wife was conducting a sexual affair with Doras father; Doras mother was an ineffectual figure in the story who was marginalized both by Dora and, subsequently by Freud himself. Doras bouts of hysteria coincided with real and imaginary contact with Herr K. and reveal themselves through a series of paraparaxes and dreams that provide material for Freuds interpretation. For Freud, of course, hysteria existed as a psychic rather than a physical condition (Freud, 1972: 25). His and Breuers Studies in Hysteria and his own case notes on Dora follows, in some senses, what we have seen as Charcoldian lines of thought, tracing the source of the patients hysterical symptoms back to some childhood event or trauma. In the first dream analysis, for instance, Freud links Doras dream concerning the burning of a house in which she stays with childhood memories of bedwetting and being woken up by her father: Think of the expressions you used: that an accident might happen in the night, and that it might be necessary to leave the room. Surely the allusion must be to a physical need? And if you transpose the accident into childhood what can it be but bedwetting? (Freud, 1977: 108) The Dora study is interesting, I think, in that it provides us with an ideal fulcrum around which to place Freuds thought. We can note echoes still of Charcot in the analysis and of Freuds earlier insistence on childhood trauma but, of course, by the studys publication in 1905 Freud had formulated his concept of the Oedipus complex (Jones, 1961) and it is this, along with transference perhaps, that provides much of the analytical undercurrent of the text. The symbolism of Doras first dream, for instance, is suffused with Oedipal imagery and reference. It details the dreamer trapped in a burning house whereupon she is awoken by her father. Her Mother, in the meantime, attempts to save her jewelry box but is stopped again by her father; as Dora exists the house she awakens. Freud interprets this dream as an indication of Doras repressed sexual desires for her father; the jewelry box becoming symbolic of both her womb and the favour of her father for her mother. The dream reoccurred whilst the subject was visiting the lakeside holiday home that became the scene of the attempted seduction by Herr K. and this was seen by Freud as an indication that Doras repressed sexual desires for her father were being awakened in order to further suppress her mature desire for her suitor: My interpretation was that she had at that point summoned up an infantile affection for her father so as to be able to keep her repressed love for Herr K. in its state of repression. This same revulsion in the patients mental life was reflected in the dream. (Freud, 1977: 124) Here we have two important features of Freuds notion of the importance of the Oedipus complex in the formation of neurosis, firstly that this manifests itself in dreams and secondly that Dora unconsciously drew upon her unresolved Oedipal or Electra complex in order to repress mature sexual desire. If we return again to the first dream we note tropes and Oedipal leitmotifs that even Freud did not discover. The locking of the jewelry box, for instance, is linked with the locking of her brothers room by her mother: My brothers room, you see, has no separate entrance, but can only be reached through the dining-room. Father does not want my brother to be locked in like that. (Freud, 1977: 101) We can detect quite clearly here the extent of the Oedipal reference in the dream. Commensurate with Freuds notions of condensation (Freud, 1965: 312) and displacement (Freud, 1965: 340), Dora suggests that her brother is, in fact the treasure or jewel that her Mother wants to lock away; by not allowing this, her Father both displays his own Oedipal affect (in reality) and strengthens Doras Oedipal attachment to him (in her dream). For Freud, of course, this unresolved complex is repressed and manifests itself as hysteria. Of course, the third element of Oedipal attachment here (after her father and Herr K) is the transference onto Freud himself and the Dora case history stands, perhaps, as one of the greatest stories of seduction, of reader by author, in psychoanalysis. In Freud and the Passions, John ONeil suggests that: Listening with the third ear to Dora meant taking on the part of a hysterical daughter caught in a series of transgressive erotic triangles, while at the same time, attempting to preserve his own discrete boundary as analyst-father. It meant supplementing a fractured verbal narration (her story) with meanings he read into her physical symptoms (his story), joining them together as a single story. (ONeill, 1996: 101) Whereas, as many commentators have pointed out (Blass, 1992; Krohn and Krohn, 1982) there is a wealth of Oedipal content in the Dora case and Freuds interpretation it has also been the basis for much criticism. Much of this criticism, in recent years has centered around Freuds phallocentric interpretation of Doras symptoms (Horrocks, 2001). Freuds assertions that Doras revulsion upon being kissed by Herr K. is reflective of her repressed desires, be they Oedipal in the first instance or for Herr K in the second, is for instance refuted by Roger Horrocks in Freud Revisited: Psychoanalytic Themes in a Postmodern Age (2001), who sees her actions as merely the understandable reactions of a woman caught up in a, mainly masculine, play of power. In her essay The Hysterical Woman: Sex Roles and Role Conflict in 19th Century America (1992), Carroll Smith Rosenberg highlights this phaollocentric construction of the hysterical patient: Contemporaries noted routinely in the 1870s, 1880s and 1890s that middle class American girls seemed ill-prepared to assume the responsibilities and trials of marriage, motherhood and maturation. Frequently women, especially married women with children, complained of isolation, loneliness and depression. (Smith Rosenberg, 1992: 26) This views hysteria as the outcome of an oppressive masculine society that both controls and diagnoses. Dora, for instance, is defined by the wishes of her father, as daughter; as lover by Herr K. and as hysteric by Freud. The phallocentric construction of the feminine binary in the text, displaying on the one hand the ineffectual housewife in the shape of Doras mother and the cause of desire in the form of Frau K. traps Dora who fits into neither and so is labeled neurotic. Smith Rosenberg (and others such as Elaine Showalter in The Female Malady [1987]) also point to the adoption of hysterical symptoms as a sociopolitical protest by the women against the impossible situation that they found themselves in: It is quite possible that many women experienced a significant level of anxiety when forced to confront or adapt in one way or another to these changes. Thus hysteria may have served as one option to tactic offering particular women otherwise unable to respond to changes (Smith Rosenberg, 1992: 26) We can note, for instance, that there is a distinct link between the concept of illness in the case of Dora and the inability to accept social roles. Her Fathers illness precludes him from satisfactorily fulfilling his role as father, lover and husband and Doras hysterical attacks seems to occur at times of stress, when she is being forced, either by her father, Herr. K or Freud to adopt an external, clearly defined feminine role to which she is not accustomed. In fact Freud mentions but then glosses over this very point in his early analysis (Freud, 1977: 74-75). Caught within a binary of feminization, Dora exists as the projections of the male presences around her and, in order to protest against this, withdraws into hysteria, and as Mari Jo Buhle suggests: Freuds most acclaimed study of a hysteric discloses such a huge blind spot that the celebrated case of Dora documents more clearly the authors own avoidance mechanisms. (Buhle, 1998: 30) As we have see, then, there are cases to made for hysteria to be based in both Freudian notions of the unresolved Oedipus complex and the creation of feminine ideals and social norms by a largely masculine society. Freuds case study is as interesting to the student of the development of Freudian psychoanalysis, I think, as the psychoanalyst him or herself. Of course, we have here looked briefly at only two of the many psychoanalytical frameworks that have been designed to study hysteria. We might mention, for instance Lacans discussion of the Dora case in essay Function and Field of Speech and Language (Lacan, 2004) or Kleins notions of the father as good object in the aetiology of feminine sexuality and how it relates to the resolving of the Oedipus complex. What we can assert, by looking at these two specific instances, is the extent that psychoanalytic and socio-political interpretations of hysteria say as much about the wider culture than they do about the condition itself. This view, of course, is commensurate with Foucaults concept of enunciative discourses in his Madness and Civilization (2004) and The Archaeology of Knowledge (1989) The case of Dora provides us with an interesting picture of Freud struggling to come to terms with not only concepts such as hysteria and the Oedipus complex but transference, negative transference and, in fact, the whole basis of modern psychoanalysis. As we have seen, the criticism of the second wave feminists was, perhaps, well founded. The case study, whilst being an exemplar in the ways that analysis can be used is also just as indicative of its problems and shortfalls. References Abraham, Karl (1988), Hysterical Dream States, published in Selected Papers on Psychoanalysis, (London: Karnac) Adler, Alfred (1956), The Individual Psychology of Alfred Adler, (London: Harper Torchbooks) Beizer, Janet (1994), Ventriloquized Bodies: Narratives of Hysteria in Nineteenth Century France, (Ithaca: Cornell University Press) Buhle, Mary Jo (1998), Feminism and its Discontents: A Century of Struggle with Psychoanalysis, (London: Harvard University) Finger, Stanley (2000), Minds Behind the Brain, (Oxford: Oxford University Press) Freud, Sigmund (1977), Case Histories 1: Dora and Little Hans, (London: Penguin) Freud, Sigmund (1965), The Interpretation of Dreams, (London: Discus Books) Freud, Sigmund and Breuer, Joseph (1972), Studies in Hysteria, (London: William Benton) Freud, Sigmund (1976), The Psychopathology of Everyday Life, (London: Penguin) Freud, Sigmund (1974), Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis, (London: Penguin) Foucault, Michel (2004), Madness and Civilization, (London: Routledge) Foucault, Michel (1989), Archaeology of Knowledge, (London: Routledge) Foucault, Michel (1990), The History of Sexuality: Vol. 3: The Care of the Self, (London: Penguin) Horrocks, Roger (2001), Freud Revisited: Psychoanalytic Themes in the Postmodern Age, (London: Palgrave) Jones, Ernest (1961), The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud, (London: Pelican) Kahane, Claire (1990), In Doras Case: Freud, Hysteria, Feminism, (New York: Columbia University Press) Klein, Melanie (1997), The Psycho Analysis of Children, (London: Verso) Lacan, Jacques (2004), Ecrits: A Selection, (London: Routledge) Micklem, Niel (1996), The Nature of Hysteria, (London: Routledge) Murohy, Sean and Popay, Jennie (eds), Health and Disease: A Reader, (Milton Keynes: Open University Press) ONeill, John (1996), Freud and the Passions, (Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University) Plato (1970), Dialogues of Plato, (trans. B. Jowett), (London: Sphere) Showalter, Elaine (1987), The Female Malady, (London: Virago) Smith Rosenberg, Carroll (1992), The Hysterical Woman: Sex Roles and Role Conflict in 19th Century America, published in Black, Nick, Boswell, David, Gray, Alastair, Wolheim, Richard (1971), Freud, (London: Fontana|)

Free College Essays - Hester as Role Model in Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays

The Scarlet Letter – Hester as Community Role Model â€Å"Woman, it is thy badge of shame!" (107). Governor Bellingham was describing the scarlet letter to Hester while they were discussing if the punishments that Hester had to go through were adequate enough for the crime. Hester was living in the outskirts of the city in a small abandoned cottage for several years with the only thing that had any monetary value in her life, her child and the product of committing adultery, Pearl. She and her little Pearl were shunned from the community for her acts. In the Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Hester is punished in more than one way, and she is able to deal with it openly so the community will, over time, forgive her. The most obvious subject of punishment that Hester had to cope with is wearing the scarlet letter. "By the point which drew all eyes and, as it were, transfigured the wearer. . . was the scarlet letter, so fantastically embroidered and illuminated upon her bosom" (51-52). Hester wrought the scarlet letter before she stood on the scaffold. When Pearl asks her why she wears the letter she replies that she wears it for its gold thread. Hester wears the letter for many years, even after the people in the community care anymore, so that she will be fully forgiven for her sin. In the beginning of the story, Hester is faced with serving the temporary part of her sentence, standing on the scaffold in front of the whole town. "It was a circumstance to be noted, on the summer morning when our story begins its course, that the women of whom there were several in the crowd, appeared to take a peculiar interest in whatever penal infliction might be expected to ensue" (48). The citizens of the town had gathered to criticize Hester as she stood on the scaffold, and many of the town’s women were discussing the simplicity of Hester’s sentence, since the usual punishment for committing adultery is the death penalty. Although she had to put up with the remarks about her for three hours while she was standing on the scaffold, the ridicule followed for many years to come. Hester and her daughter were thought upon as sinners long after Hester had served her sentence.

Before I Was Born (God’s Design for Sex) by Carolyn Nystrom Essay

Carolyn Nystrom †¢ Illustrated by Sandra Speidel Before I †¦ THE GOD’S DESIGN FOR SEX SERIES Sample from Before I Was Born / ISBN 9781600060144 Copyright  © 2008 NavPress Publishing. All rights reserved. †¦ God’s Design for Sex is a series of books you can read with your children at ages three to five, five to eight, RESOURCE LIST: SEX EDUCATION – Focus on the Family: Helping †¦ GOD’S DESIGN FOR SEX BOOK 2: BEFORE I WAS BORN by Carolyn Nystrom †¦ sex, why sex should be shared only in marriage, what the Bible says about sex, and much more. GOD’S DESIGN FOR SEX BOOK 4: †¦ ) n 3 # W – Toronto Chinese Christian Parenting Association †¦ 049 Before I was Born (God’s Design for Sex Ages 5 to 8) Carolyn Nystrom 050 †¦ 088 The ABC’s of Handling Money God’s Way Howard & Bev Dayton let’s talk about it – Bible Fellowship Church Ages 5-8 God’s Design for Sex Series: Before I Was Born by Stan Jones Ages 8-11 God’s Design for Sex Series: What’s The Big Deal? Why God Cares About Sex by Stan Jones Books for Teens Every Young Man’s Battle: Strategies for Victory in the Real Bibliography of Books on Sexuality for Children and Parents conservative Christian â€Å"God’s Design for Sex† series is designed to help young adolescents to understand and deal with the changes †¦ Before I was Born. Illustrated by Sandra Speidel. Navpress, 2007. The second book in the â€Å"God’s Design for Sex† series, written Sex Education in the Christian Family The God’s Design For Sex Book Series How And When To Tell Your Kids About Sex is a handbook for parents; the four children’s books are designed †¦ Before I Was Born (Book 2 for ages 5 to 8) by Carolyn Nystrom What’s The Big Deal? Why God Cares About Sex †¦ Purity, Dating and Courtship Resource List God’s Design for Sex – resource pack Book #1: †¦ – Stan and Brenna Jones Book #2: Before I Was Born (ages 5-8) – Carolyn Nystrom Book #3: What’s the Big Deal – Why God Cares About Sex (ages 8-11) †¦ Before You Meet Prince Charming How can young people be committed to purity and to †¦ How to Talk to Your Kids About Sex Hiding God’s Word in one’s heart will enable your children to make wise decisions in †¦ Start with the God’s Design for Sex Series by Stan and Brenna †¦ How to Talk to Your Kids About Sex (ages 3-5); Before I Was Born (ages 5-8); What’s the Big Deal: Why God Cares About Sex Pastor Keith Missel * Prior Lake Campus * December 14, 2011 Thinking Right About God’s Design:God’s Design: Gender . is good. †¦ Before they had gone to bed, all the men from every part of the city of Sodom—both young and old— †¦ so that we can have sex with them. †¦ Parents & Kids, Talking About Sex  © God’s Design for Sex Series – Encourages healthy communication between parents and children as it helps parents answer in age-appropriate terms the difficult or embarrassing questions about †¦ Before I Was Born (Ages 5-8) by Carolyn Nystrom, IBSN 08910-98445 What the Bible says about those of the same sex. imosexuality part of God’s original s ho design? Did God create homosexuality? †¦ homosexuality was not a part of God’s design. ae people today born homosexuals?r What about the person who asks, †¦ before, as I have also told you in time past, †¦ 1 â€Å"Sex on the brain, pumped in my veins, flowing from my Few things we need to clarify before we go any further†¦ 1. †¦ hands of a warrior are sons born in one’s youth. 5 †¦ Sex according to God’s design is only to happen between a man and a women within the confines of marriage†¦ Why Marriage is the Union of a Man and a Woman before the Australian Parliament aims to change the current definition of marriage to allow same sex †¦ in which children are to be born and raised. God’s design is that sexual union is not only an †¦ Other passages deal with sex before marriage (Deuteronomy 22:13-21), prostitution †¦ people to dwell on their relationship with God. Your role is †¦ discovering and owning the truths of God’s Word. †¦ â€Å"I was born gay.† What we allow through our complacency today, will be celebrated by our children tomorrow. †¦ indicate about God’s design for gender/sexuality, marriage and sex? 7. God’s Design—Your Choice – Global Reach 75 God’s Design—Your Choice UNIT STUDENT REPORTS AND ANSWER SHEETS STUDENT REPORT DIRECTIONS When you have completed your study of each unit, ? ll out the answer sheet for that unit. Title A Baby Costs $785 a Month, How Much is Your Allowance †¦ Before I Was Born: Designed for Parents to Read to Their Child at Ages 5 Through 8 (Gods Design for Sex) Begin With Love: †¦ (God’s Design for Sex, Book 3) What’s the Big Secret?: Talking about Sex with Girls and Boys When Teens Have Sex: Issues and Trends Kid County Special Report SEX EDUCATION RESOURCES – Focus on the Family GOD’S DESIGN FOR SEX BOOK 1: THE STORY OF ME by Stan and Brenna Jones (NavPress) †¦ GOD?S DESIGN FOR SEX BOOK 2: BEFORE I WAS BORN by Carolyn Nystrom (Navpress) †¦ BORN IN GRACE applied to all of God’s handiwork. †¦ school. As students assembled before class, boys in one line and girls in another, Larry often found himself standing between the two rows: †¦ anatomical sex are simply born that way. †¦ Same Sex Marriage: P-R-O-B-L-E-M-S and P-R-O-M-I-S-E-S for †¦ Same Sex Marriage: P-R-O-B-L-E-M-S and †¦ For us to believe that all who claim to be homosexual are simply born that way is for †¦ First Corinthians chapters 6 and 7; and Jude. When Jesus talks about God’s design for marriage in Mark chapter 10, He refers to Genesis chapter 2. Title: Baker †¦ A Baby Costs $785 a Month, How Much is Your Allowance †¦ Before I Was Born: Designed for Parents to Read to Their Child at Ages 5 Through 8 (Gods Design for Sex) Begin With Love: †¦ (God’s Design for Sex, Book 3) What’s the Big Secret?: Talking about Sex with Girls and Boys When Teens Have Sex: Issues and Trends Kid County Special Report. Have To Say About It†¦. each other and the opposite sex. I see the men keeping occupied with the †¦ (God’s) design for you. Did you know, woman, that †¦ know, not just what those before you know? It happens in yourself and that Child Safety Bibliography Before I Was Born. Navpress. †¦ Book 2 of the series â€Å"God’s Design for Sex† for ages 5-8. Training Children -http://www.focusonthefamily.com/parenting/sexuality/talking_about_sex /talking_to_your_kids_about_sexual_abuse.aspx †¦ â€Å"Ask Before You Hug: Sexual Harassment in the Church† When God’s Good Gifts are Defiled: The Sinner and The †¦ prodigal lives before our God. †¦ 34.6 percent of babies were born to unmarried women, with the avaerage age of unwed mothers increasing with each passing year †¦ God’s holy design for sexuality is being splattered like a bug on a windshield. Something . 3 Premise Christians are commanded by their God to love their †¦ discussion of same sex marriage and the Christian †¦ We are all equally guilty before God. We all are natural born sinners – born with the sin of Adam within our hearts. †¦ This is God’s design and God’s standard – one that Jesus clearly affirmed. CHRISTIAN LIVING BIBLE STUDIES – Lighted Way GOD KNEW you before you were born.LESSON STUDY Jeremiah 1:5 â€Å"Before I formed thee in the belly I knew thee; †¦ work of God’s design. You are God’s child. †¦ A severe form of self-rejection is wishing that you were born the opposite sex, †¦ Download Before I Was Born (God’s Design for Sex) Full version Read This First: We offer two ways that you can get this book for free, You can choose the way you like! You must provide us your shipping information after you complete the survey. All books will be shipped from Amazon US or Amazon UK depending on your region! Please share this free experience to your friends on your social network to prove that we really send free books! Tags:Before I Was Born (God’s Design for Sex), Before I Was Born (God’s Design for Sex) By Carolyn Nystrom, Before I Was Born (God’s Design for Sex) PDF Download Full PDF Version of This Book – Free Download Before I Was Born (God’s Design for Sex) pdf ebooks free Download The Four Loves pdf ebooks free Download The Intolerance of Tolerance pdf ebooks free Download The Weight of Glory pdf ebooks free Download The Arising Voice ( Vol. 3) A Book Series for Christian Disciple pdf ebooks free Download The Good and Beautiful God: Falling in Love with the God Jesus K pdf ebooks free Download Twelve Steps to a Compassionate Life pdf ebooks free Download The Arising Voice ( Vol. 3) A Book Series for Christian Disciple pdf ebooks free Download Voice in the Night pdf ebooks free Download Life Changing pdf ebooks free Other PDF Books: Download The Four Loves pdf ebooks by C.S. Lewis Download The Intolerance of Tolerance pdf ebooks by D. A. Carson Download The Weight of Glory pdf ebooks by C. S. 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Becoming a Doctor Essays

Becoming a Doctor Essays Becoming a Doctor Essay Becoming a Doctor Essay Becoming a doctor†¦well, that is no easy task. Metaphorically, it’s a love or hate situation. Before you decide to enter the field, you need to make sure you have the qualities of being a doctor, which are to be very personable, willing to help other people, passionate, determined, hard worker, and devoted to your job. One thing that immediately eliminates a lot of people from considering this field is the sight of blood. You have to make sure you can be able to see that, in order to even think about becoming a doctor.I made the decision to wanting to become a doctor when I was 15 years old. My brother got in an accident where he fell off his bike in the forest onto a log and one of the branches punctured right in his arm. My step-grandfather and I had to rush him to the hospital, since my mom wasn’t home. My mom ordered me, â€Å"Don’t leave your brother alone in the room, you have to stay with him. † I did as I was told, and the doctor came in short ly. He introduced himself, inspected my brother’s 3 inch wide puncture, turned to me and said â€Å"My nurse isn’t here, will you be my helper for today? I nodded my head since I was scared to say no. I helped the doctor look in my brother’s arm for little splints, held my brother’s hand when they were injecting anesthesia around and in the gash to numb it, and kept pouring an antiseptic fluid in a tray for the doctor as he cleaned the wound and stitched my brother’s arm back up. It was an experience I would never forget, because since then, I decided that’s what I wanted to be, an Emergency Room doctor. Eight to nine years of your life can seem like a long time, but the rewards are great once you cross the finish line.Your first four years of undergraduate school entails of taking all you core science classes, Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry, Psychology, and Genetics. Once you finish the required credits, then you can apply for Medical school. Applicants for Med school are evaluated on the basis of their academic performance record, the MCAT, clinical exposure/experience, extracurricular activities and a personal interview. A sustained record of high-level academic performance while carrying above average credit hour loads is expected for competitive applicants.One you are accepted in Med school, then you have the four most demanding years of your life ahead of you. There are numerous amounts of courses you must take and as well as be practicing in hospitals throughout these four years and as well as be practicing in hospitals. Once you finish those four years, you will be expected to spend one to two years specializing what branch of medicine you wish to work in. Once you finish that, Congratulations! You’ve completed a dream where many people don’t have the chance to attain.

Neo expressionism essays

Neo expressionism essays The term neo-expressionism describes the art movement that dominated the art market in the early and mid 1980s. The word neo refers to a revival of previous ideas or trends. Expressionism was a style from around the time of World War 1 that was highly personal, and was often executed with violent fervor. Neo-expressionism is similar, and also generally uses bright colors, recognizable objects (such as the human body) with distorted representation, great expression of emotion, and often commentary on social issues. It usually is not realistic. The common subject matter often deals with the negative aspects of life: vulgarities, violence, cynicism, and brutality. It is full of symbolism, and is considered figurative and gestural. A varied assemblage of young artists portrayed the human body in reaction and in contrast to the remote, introverted, and highly intellectualized abstract art production in the 1970s. The original goal of these artists was to depict emotional and psycholog ical concerns of themselves and their times. This is often achieved by using heavy black outlines to express anger and hostility in addition to strong contrasts of the bold colors. Other artists explored color and abstraction to express spiritual and/or mystical ideas. Other common traits presented in paintings of this style included: a rejection of traditional standards of composition and design, the use of vivid but jarringly banal color harmonies, and a simultaneously tense and playful presentation of objects in a primitivist manner that communicates a sense of inner disturbance, tension, alienation, and ambiguity. This movement was also linked to and in part generated by new and aggressive methods of salesmanship, media promotion, and marketing on the part of dealers and galleries. It was controversial both in the quality of its art products and in the highly commercialized aspects of its presentation to the art-buying publ ...

Validity of the Beneficiary Principle Case Study

Validity of the Beneficiary Principle - Case Study Example The principle of the â€Å"human beneficiary was first set out in the case of Morice v Bishop of Durham2. Since equity starts out in the form of a measure of â€Å"confidence reposed in some other† which imposes â€Å"a duty or aggregate accumulation of obligations† that connotes some beneficial interest3, therefore in the absence of beneficiaries with equitable interests in the assets of the trust, there will be no one in whose favor the Court can decree performance and therefore the trust will fail.4 Alternatively, when there is no clearly identified human beneficiary, a trust could be classified as a charitable trust where the beneficiaries will extend to an entire class of people rather than being restricted to specific individuals, thereby satisfying the beneficiary principle without a clearly identified human beneficiary. However, in order to qualify as a charitable trust, it must satisfy one of the four purposes spelled out in the case of Pemsel5, i.e, (a) advan cement of religion (b) advancement of education (c) relief of poverty and (d) other purposes beneficial to the community. Alternatively, as specified in the case of Re Endacott, â€Å"a trust not being a charitable trust, in order to be effective must have ascertained or ascertainable beneficiaries.†6 In the case of Re Lipinski Oliver J draws a distinction in a testamentary disposition, between a purpose which is invalid (excluding tombs, animals and monuments cases), and a ‘people trust’ which is valid.7 Therefore, the beneficiary principle essentially invalidates trusts which are purpose trusts, unless it is (a) charitable (b) has ascertained or ascertainable beneficiaries or (c) is a trust of imperfect obligation, such as a trust for the upkeep of particular animals as in the case of Re Dean where the testator wanted his horses.

American Fashion in 1980's through today Research Paper

American Fashion in 1980's through today - Research Paper Example The essay "American Fashion in 1980's through today" talks about the fashion and trends in America from the 1980s till today. In early 80s, men began wearing tight fitting trousers and loose shirts. This fashion applied in equal measure to women. In addition, men grew mustaches following the influence of TVs such as Magnum. Medium sized hair characterized the early 80s hairstyle for men. However, towards the end of 1980s men started growing long hair. Brand names were also a notable fashion of the time. Headbands were a popular fashion in early 1980s. Miniskirts and leg warmers were common among women. It is arguable that cheerleaders influenced the design and wearing of miniskirt. Valley girl a movie played in 1983 had a big influence to dressing style of many women. In mid 1980s, leather outfits and jeans gained popularity among women. Lace was also common among women. Women also dressed in miniskirts while going to business meeting. Notably, women wore miniskirts with leggings. So lid color, simple pattern, and silhouette were the design of most female clothing towards the end of 1980s. High-heeled shoes among women were common during this period. Another common shoe trend was dolly shoes, which edged to early 1990s. Fashion trends of 1980s started fading at the beginning of 1990s. Men started growing long hair. Flannel shirts were common among men. Navy blue blazers, Khaki slacks, canvas shoes, and leather jackets become common. Other common clothing was denim jackets, sheepskin coats, and polo shirts.