Cis 500 Case Study 1

Case Study 1 The Big Data Challenges Richard Lall Dr. Kim Anthony CIS500010VA016-1128-001 Info Syst Decision-Making October 28, 2012 Judge how Volvo Car lot interconnected the cloud infrastructure into its networks. Volvo split from Ford in in 2010. In doing so they needed to create their own standalone IT environment and at the identical time mend its business intelligence capabilities and operational power (Microsoft, 2012).In a world where many consumers entertain smart technology in coexistence with self-propelled engineering, Volvo has created fomites with hundreds of sensors and CPUs embedded throughout the car (I-CIO, 2011). Besides vehicle selective training gathered by sensors in and on the vehicle, we also peck visual culture from four cameras. This gives us a good lot of what happened in the cab and on the road at any presumption point in time (Volvo Group, 2011).From the central locking system to the on board cameras, information is being captured for use wi thin the vehicle and then transmitted via the cloud back to Volvo (I-CIO, 2011). Once selective information is acquire at Volvo it is streamed to a centralized digest hub (the Volvo Data Warehouse), alongside data from customer relationship management systems (CRM), dealership systems, and product development and picture systems (I-CIO, 2011). Once data is retrieved at the Volvo Data Warehouse it is archived where it back be retrieved and analyze or manipulated by Volvo employees.Through the cloud Volvo is massing large amount of rich data and this is providing them with the opportunity to turn that resource into something that no only helps class crack cars, but also helps the customer have a break experience through their interaction and above all safety (I-CIO, 2011). Explain how Volvo Car Corporation transforms data into knowledge. Utilizing the Volvo data Warehouse to splice data unitedly Volvo is sufficient to perform analysis on various vehicle aspects. Having this abundance of data quicker allows Volvo to be pre-warned about potential issues pertaining to mechanical problems (I-CIO, 2011).Becoming educated on vehicle issues early in the cars flavourcycle allows Volvo to spot flaws in vehicle parts allowing them modify the manufacturing process to correct the issue (I-CIO, 2011). By applying well-honed lean processes, Volvo is able limit the number of part defects that reach the consumer (I-CIO, 2011). kind of of 500,000 units being impacted the issue can be stopped at the first 1000, leaving a majority of customer experience validating and brand name intact (I-CIO, 2011). An opposite area where large-scale data capture and analysis is driving improvements is in safety (I-CIO, 2011).At the safety concentre in in Sweden the company is performing detailed forensic examinations on Volvos that have been in various accidents (I-CIO, 2011). Using these examinations, Volvo can encounter and analyze the timing of airbags, timing of braking syste m and weather conditions. Post analysis results allow Volvo to create software and system updates that can be nasty onto consumer vehicles ensuring that vehicles will perform better in accidents (I-CIO, 2011). Identify the real-time information systems implemented and evaluate the impact of these implementations.Post the Ford break-up in 2010, Volvo had a ridiculous opportunity to implement a new standalone IT infrastructure. Pre implementation Volvo sought to improve data management. The company relied on IT personnel to design and generate data reports, which was slow and in-efficient (Microsoft, 2012). Also, there was no central location for storing reports, so information often is distributed by sending a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet or other attachment in an email message. This means distribution is limited, and the information can be hard to find (Microsoft, 2012).To address the various issues of quality and efficiency Volvo deployed a solution based on Microsoft SQL Server 2 012 Business cognizance data management software and related BI technologies, including Microsoft SharePoint Server 2010 and Microsoft dominance 2010. One of the big reasons for choosing Microsoft is that Microsoft products are designed to work well together (Microsoft, 2012). The impact of this implementation led to reduce costs and enhanced collaborationism across various Volvo business units and departments. Argue how the Big Data outline gives Volvo Car Corporation a competitive improvement.Being able to see into in store(predicate) is still impossible but using the knowledge we gain to like a shot to make better decisions so tomorrow is better is exactly the advantage that Volvo has attained. Their Big Data strategy has allowed them analyze a variety of aspects of vehicle and consumer coexistence. From specific parts to safety Volvo is now empowered to create better overall vehicles not just initially but throughout the life of the vehicle. Big Data gives Volvo a heighte ned sense of collaboration from design to manufacturing to the dealership, frankincense giving them an edge over their competition. Works Cited I-CIO. 2011, January). Converting data into business value at volvo. Retrieved from http//www. i-cio. com/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/8833/i-cio_Case_Study_Volvo. pdf Microsoft. (2012). Bi solution boosts operational efficiency and reduces costs at volvo car corporation . Retrieved from http//www. microsoft. com/casestudies/Case_Study_Detail. aspx? CaseStudyID=710000000271 Volvo Group. (2011). Collecting driving data to improve safety. Retrieved from http//www. volvo base. com/group/global/en-gb/researchandtechnology/transport_society/enhancing_safety/collecting_data_for_safety/Pages/collecting_data_for_safety. aspx

Group Leadership and Conflict Summary Essay

I had pull up stakesed a draw in for group sermon on Wednesday of this week. I did note to the team that I would not be on much due to a family memorial except I encouraged the team to start the cont canion. A cope with of days later Kimberly, wrote a sm whole support and a charter. this til nowing one other member wrote on the intelligence. Other than this thither was not communication at all within the group. There was debateion, per se, so there was no way for others to share their point of view. Now Kimberly did finally post her answers to the questions that were asked, but when I responded to her post there was no more wrangleion with me.In order for this team to increase group cohesion, there would really deal to be a group discussion. This team needs to start communicating and discussing what needs to be discussed. Because of the other members not actively combat-ready in this discussion it made it hard to do this assignment. I leave behind hope for a better te am discussion next week. homework a PlaygroundWhile watching this video I notice quite a few numerals with this shock. This commission got to get holdher with emerge an agenda and without every planning. There was no cohesion in this team. At first, when they were introducing themselves, I tangle they kind of isolated the lady that had just moved there. When she stated that she get together the committee to meet people, Dave made it clear that the rest of them were there to discuss a resort area.This meeting was to be about discussing a invigorated playground. No one had through with(p) any real research on playground equipment. Iesha stated that she had lookedat some playground equipment and let them know that determine ranges. She had no real research to show the rest of the committee so that there was something for them to discuss. She then stated that she cerebration a good buttocks price goal would be $35,000. She did not say why she ruling that was a good price no r did she return any research on the reference of equipment that could be gotten for that price.When the budget was being discussed the one make fun thought that that they should aim for a higher budget, the other thought they should aim for a lower budget. There was no discussion on either component part as to why they thought this. In fact, there was no discussion on this at all. Dave just decided that they would go with Ieshas figure. thus when they were discussing how they were going to raise the funds, again there was no real discussion. No one had a plan or any real ideas. When the naked lady suggested a bake sale, they all just essentially laughed at her.Iesha had brought up the idea of fund raisers, but she had no input on the type of fund raisers that should be done. Only the new lady had an idea, but the rest of the group wouldnt even discuss it. They all basically made fun of her. Then the idea of fundraisers was not discussed again. Dave just brought up the ideas of grants and companies contributing. Again the whole person in this group that had an idea was the new lady.If I were to hold in been on this committee, I would have sent out emails to for each one person on the committee explaining exactly what this meeting would entail. I would have set up an agenda for the committee to follow. I would have asked each person to research and make a intent for the type and cost of the playground equipment. Also to make up a proposal for their ideas on how to raise the money for the equipment. Each person would be presumptuousness a set amount of time to discuss their proposal. There would be a question and answer time at the end of each persons proposal. After each person had their time and all questions had been asked, there would be more discussion on the subject so that each person could give their input.Politics of SociologyIn this meeting the committee met to discuss which courses to eliminate and which courses to add. This meeting was do omed to fail from the beginning. There was no leadership, there was no agenda and everyone just talked over each other. This meeting was led by pure emotion. Each time the one guy tried to get the meeting back on track and get the other members to respect the perspective of the other members, he was just ignored.The only things that were done well in this meeting is that there was brainstorming done prior to this meeting. Also there was one person that did try to lapse the meeting on track. I did noticed that the committee members did seem to have done some research and had the facts to back up their research. This was really not relevant because the other members did not want to see or even here about the research.I didnt really see any constructive conflict in this meeting. It seemed that three of the members were only set on adding a specific class and cutting Trevors class. This immediately caused petulance amongst the members of this committee. Trevor refused to listen to any thing that involved the cutting of his class and the other members wouldnt discuss cutting any other class other than Trevors. Also, no proboscis but the one lady wanted to talk about the issue of the enrollment numbers. To me this is relevant in determining which classes should be eliminated. Also, they needed to discuss classes that would attract more students so that enrollment would increase.If I would have been streamlet this meeting, I would have made sure that each member had a list of classes they felt could be cut and a list that they would similar to see added. They would need to explain why they felt that those particular classes should be cut and the reasons they felt that adding the other classes would benefit the school. Each person should have been given a specific amount of time to give their proposal.At the end of each proposal there should have be a set time limit for questions and answers. Nobody should have been allowed to interrupt other member while they we re talking and nobody should have been allowed to put anyones ideas down or make them feel that their ideas had no merit. At the end of the meetingthey should have had a discussion where they narrowed down the classes that should be eliminated and narrowed down the ones that should be added.ReferenceEngleberg, Isa N., & Wynn, D. R. Working in Groups converse Principal and Strategies (6th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. http//media.pearsoncmg.com/pcp/pcp_82303_engleberg_uop_pos/ http//media.pearsoncmg.com/pcp/pcp_82302_engleberg_uop_pp/

A Mystery Note

The firstly few notes of the alarm clock prised render yellow-browns eyes and she stumbled place of bed, standing on an up-ended plug as she did so. She didnt ingest sequence for the pain she had a Spanish test first involvement and with a flake of luck shed be able to catch the betimes bus to school so she could fit in a bit of revision onward class. The floorboards creaked under her feet as she got changed. Everything here seemed to creak, the place was a collapse and she couldnt wait till she was old enough and more importantly lay down enough money to move out and when that was un identically. golds life had travel apart bit by bit since the day she was born. Apparently her silent was put into a permanent coma after a simple machine crash on her appearance to the hospital. Amber supposedly was a match simply something happened to her sister and thats how she ended up here, in an orphanage that looked like it was going to fall apart the minute another no-hoper walked through its doors. start out up Chloe, Amber said, Shaking her roommate vigorously in endeavour to wake her up.Ill get up, just five more minutes, Chloe murmured sleepily but Amber had to leave in a minute and she knew Chloe would probably never get up so she grabbed the covers and chucked them to the other side of the room. Satisfied, she grabbed her bag and the mark off she got two weeks ago from Chloe for her fifteenth birthday and set off for school.Amber managed to squeeze in a few minutes of revision before the test but It wasnt exactly easy getting folders out because the crown had picked up and by the time shed got to the classroom her usually neat corrosive hair looked like something from Jeepers Creepers.The test as wellk the best part of two hours too long, thought Amber. She was relieved when the bell finally run and she practically sprinted out before Seniorita Belanto remembered to the highest degree the homework due today.Amber She nearly had a heart atta ck when the powerful voice of her manly P.E. teacher, Mrs Stevenson came booming at her.Yes, MrI mean, Mrs Stevenson? Amber said cheekily, wondering why the sudden hold for her P.E. teacher to come rushing after her like an overweight lion. approximately guy passed a note onto me to give to you, She grunted.She threw the pick of paper but Amber missed it and she had to crawl about the floor dodging many people who thought walking backwards as fun as walking normally.Gotcha Amber shouted a little too loud as everyone in the corridor stared at her on her hands and knees. She opened the piece of paper and readThanks a bunch for your help. I owe you one,Jay ConnorsWhat the? She said. She looked around for Mrs Stevenson but shed already been absorbed by the crowd. There mustve been a mistake, she hadnt helped someone, had she?After school she decided to walk home and on the way she communicateed a few people from school if they knew who Jay Connors was.Who? Most of them said, but sh e happen upon the bonus when she asked the new kid in her Maths class.You didnt think to ask me first, did you? He replied, grinning. Amber looked puzzlingly at him but then he explained.Im matthew Connors, Jays brother, he grinned. Amber realised then that shed been stupid who better to ask than the only person in school with the same surname as the swart Jay?If your looking for Jay hell be indoors by now.He pressed the profession lights button and the green man showed a few seconds later. Amber stood were she had been for the late(prenominal) few minutes looking like an idiot. What now? Did he face her to follow him?Matthew looked back, Come on then, what you waiting for?Apparently Jay had been in a car crash yesterday and his car was a total wreck so he couldnt go to his work today. Amber was amazed at how he managed to cram every tiny detail into a pose of two minutes. By the time they got there Amber seemed to know everything about Jay. They rang the doorbell and Jay ans wered.Hey Matt, Alex Nice to see you again. He saidAlex? Im notIm Amber. This confabulation was getting to be one of the most confusing of her life.What Jay began but Matt butted in.This is Amber, shes in my class.Jay looked like someone had just put one of Einsteins maths problems in front of him. Just then someone was walking on the pavement and Jay and Matt both looked stunned.AlexAmber turned around and couldnt debate what she was seeing. It was like she was looking in the mirror. It was her. Alex turned round and saw Amber, surprise exploded on her face. Five minutes later Amber had forgot the hurt because after a brief discussion with Alex, hope suddenly came into Amber sight. Was this her twin? Could this be possible? Could her mum be alive? She was, she had to be.Alex, dinners out. a figure emerged from a house but at the same time Amber heard a rumble and a huge hindquarters cast over her, all of the hope that had build up internal her was shattered as flight 755 ra pidly lost altitude. In a split-second the world had turned black and she only caught one glimpse of her mothers face.That was the first and last time she ever saw it.

Johnson & Johnson Tylenol Crisis Essay

Johnson & Johnson had manufactured Extra-Strength acetaminophen in capsule and tablet body since 1959. acetaminophen became hotshot of Johnson & Johnsons most successful products, accounting for 17 percentage of the troupes profits. Extra-Strength Tylenol constituted 70 percent of only Tylenol sales. Johnson & Johnson in like manner enjoyed a tremendous amount of trust and goodwill from the humanity, nurtured in part by its adherence to the company credo of debt instrument to customers, employees, shareholders, and the community. In 1982, s even up people in the Chicago area died after(prenominal) taking Extra-Strength Tylenol capsules that were laced with cyanide.After this incident, the CEO of Johnson & Johnson was faced with in truth serious, important decisions should he rec every(prenominal) only the extra strength Tylenol in Chicago or nationwide? He was also fire that this incident would forever ruin the Tylenol name, even after the investigation, be that the tamper ing did not occur within the company. I would have discuss the CEO of the company to make a public announcement, assuring the pubic that these cases were isolated to the Chicago area, that this was by no way caused by the omission of Johnson & Johnson employees.Also, he would need to state that the company is doing everything possible to ensure that this does not occur again and that they were working closely with the authorities to determine the cause. I would also advise a nationwide rec all(prenominal). I believe that a recall should have been issued for the entire nation. Although this would cause a significant loss for the company, it would save their reputation. It would ensure the customers that the CEO was doing everything possible to protect them, which would help bushel their trust in the company.If a recall were not issued, people unsounded would not be buying the product and it would sit on shelves for months, even years, because people would always be fearful they would get a naughty batch. If a recall were issued, this would not be called into apparent movement. The new batches would be issued with a tamper evident seal and there would be no question whether or not they were tampered with again. From an economic point of view, recalling the product resulted in a loss of an estimated $150 meg dollars.Legally speaking, recalling the product could have protected Johnson & Johnson millions of dollars in law suits not to mention certain laws that they had to abide by through the food and drug administration. Morally, Johnson & Johnson did the right thing. They removed their product from strain shelves, re-embedded a certain amount of trust in their company and potentially saved many, many more lives. These results do not significantly take issue from the decision Johnson & Johnson eventually made.Economically, the company suffered for a short period of time, further returned full force after precautions were made to ensure this never happen ed again, shut the future of the company, literally and figuratively. The company benefitted from their credo because they stated their responsibilities and what they valued to the public which reinstated a certain amount of trust in the company again. in that respect are other companies since Johnson & Johnson that could have used a similar credo, for eccentric the peanut butter incident and the formula incident (both from a pit years ago).Both of these cases were similar because it involved poisoning of a product. The companies also eventually bounced back from the incident. I believe that the credo had a corking deal to do with saving the company brand because it stated all of the main goals and responsibilities of Johnson & Johnson. However, I think that developing the tamper-resistant packaging, recalling the product, and distributing over 80 million in coupons also had a great deal to do with it. Without all of these factors though, who knows whether or not the company wo uld have been able to recover from this incident.I believe that Johnson & Johnson should not have continued to commercialize the capsule form as soon as it returned to the market. The incident was too fresh in the publics mind for it to sell as well as it had before the incident. I do however feel that the capsule form should have been reintroduced to the market after a few years. Upon discovering that there was another death trey years later from a similar incident, I would advise the company to ensure that this death was not from the previously recalled batch.Also, since this incident was isolated to bingle person, it would seem that someone tampered with that particular bottle. With all of the new tamper-resistant packaging it would be nearly impossible for someone to poison a bottle with it issue unnoticed. However, I would advise the CEO of Johnson & Johnson to inform the public of the incident kind of of trying to conceal it. I would be much more interested in purchasing a product from an honest company than one who hides mishaps.

How Will Our Life Go on Without Internet

How provide our intent go on without internet? Its hard to imagine that we tolerate in a world without internet which plays an important role in many aspects of our lives. Thus, its worth discussing how our life give go on without internet to see what benefits and disadvantages it brings to us. Its beyond question that our life will be inconvenient if were not available to internet. For one thing, we students pasture the internet for randomness frequently in order to write papers, denudation materials for self-study and so on.In response to the hypothetical situation, we can only go to program library for help but the resources there are limited, making us noisome without adequate and prompt information. For another, its a waste of quantify and force back power to put up notices in campus in every aspect. stomach that we should go to somewhere to check portionages every day, how troublesome it is for everyone including students and workers in school. Online shop is so po pular for its multiple choices for us.If not, well spend much to a greater extent time on selecting goods in real shops if we want to make comparisons. Besides, well lack a lot of fun if we cant download music or movies. Its no wonder that a great number of boys will complain about disappearing online games. Certainly, our life will carry on in the assumption, but it wont be as fluorescent as today by narrowing our range of entertainment. But, therere still some advantages in terms of no internet.Well spend more time with our family or friends instead of being absorbed in online activities. In addition, we dont need to worry about false information it delivers and turn our focus on reality, avoiding falling in love with soul deceiving for purposes or students being addicted to internet. To conclude, our life tends to be a mess if we dont have access to internet. As long as enjoying the convenience, we still need to treat it with rationality, trying to minish the negative effects a s possible.

International Marketing Strategy Essay

For most manucircumstanceurers, success or failure is noticed by how effectively and efficiently their products are sold through their merchandising parentage members (e. g. , agents, in allsalers, distributors, and retailers). Given this situation, considerable marketing roadway research has foc utilize on organizational responsibility for managing job how interrelationships among a firm and its channel members dissolve be managed better (Achrol and Stern 1988 Anderson et al 1997).Globalization of markets is a phenomenon that has get much attention and been extensively debated twain at general social/institutional/cultural levels and at market and business enterprise levels. In either globalization process, statistical dispersal of goods and dish ups amongst and within local industrial and consumer markets is of great importance. A marketing channel is a set of mutualist organizations involved in the process of making a product or service available for consumption.G lobalization of markets and reorganization of statistical distribution are in return dependent processes that involve changes in market structures. Mattsson & Wallenberg, 2003) As national markets splay and as new opportunities arise for satisfying consumer demand, greater additionalization in distribution is evident both in the level of distribution and in goods and services handled (Mallen, 1996). More all over, as the global marketplace expands, much multinational firms induce been watchd by mounting pres certain(predicate)s to climb up a servicemanwide communication, distribution and schooling network that facilitates the free flow of information and goods across national boundaries (Min & Eom, 1994). dissemination transmit excellence has become a powerful source of free-enterprise(a) differentiation. In the 1980s and 1990s, companies began to view distribution transmit as much(prenominal) than simply a source of cost savings and recognize it as a source of enhan cing product or serve offerings as fraction of the broader supply chain process to bring on competitive favour. (Mentzer et al, 2004). International distribution channels In international marketing the manufacturer doesnt denounce products directly, it goes through several parties-before reaching the consumer. It involves various channels and variety of intermediaries.In order to sustain the growth of the international marketplace and the integration of the worlds economic activities it is vital to conduct efficient and cost-effective distribution jibe to Ross (1996). The challenge to global distribution attention is to structure a supply chain that is responsive and flexible enough to cope with differences in customers requirements and to date enable the benefits of focused manufacturing to be achieved. correspond to Black et al (2002) the past decade has seen both(prenominal) of the most rapid and substantive changes in channels of distribution for goods and services in d eveloped economies.What companies must think back is that the choice of distribution channel is quite manifold in the mob market of a comp any but even more complicated when going international and starting to export. It is vital for companies who are around to work abroad that they realize that the choice of distribution channel is crucial for forthcoming success and growth. There are many alternative distribution channels to remove from and the conditions may vary from different companies and markets.Furthermore, the choice of distribution channel is often complex and expensive if changing it subsequently. Therefore, it is central that the decision is attached the attention and acknowledgement, which is called for due to the fact that it has such a long-term payoff of the export investments success. (Anderson et al, 1997). Distribution builds stable competitive advantages, since marketing channels perk up a long-run character and to build them it is indispensable to ha ve a consistent structure and due also to the fact that they are focused on people and relationships.With channels of distribution changing rapidly studies of consumers impart need to focus not just on sense product choice but also on understanding the reasons for channel choice. Distribution channel intensity An other channel schema according to Jobber (2001) is the intensity of the distribution channel. According to Kotler (2000) and Fein and Anderson (1997) companies have to try on the number of intermediaries to use at each channel level. terce approaches are available intensifier distribution, selective distribution and exclusive distribution.Mallen (1996) states that intensifier distribution is at one end of the scale where the policy is to run out to as many outlets as possible, and that exclusive distribution is at the other end of the scale, where the policy is to distribute only to one intermediary at a given level in a given geographical area. The broad middle gr ound is normally referred to as selective distribution. intensive distribution consists of the manufacturer placing the goods or services in as many outlets as possible.This approach is generally used for everyday goods such as milk, bread, tobacco products and soap, products for which the consumer requires a great deal of location convenience. Manufacturers are eer tempted to move from exclusive or selective distribution to more intensive distribution to increase coverage and sales. Intensive distribution may assistant in the short term but often hurts long-term performance. (Kotler, 2000) According to Mallen (1996) intensive distribution tends to maximize sales for the simple reason that more outlets increase the possibilities of consumer contact.Yet, this approach means a more elaborate marketing operation at the manufacturer level. Selective distribution involves the use of more than a a few(prenominal) but less than all of the intermediaries who are free to carry a particu lar product. It is used by established companies and by new companies seeking distributors. The keep come with does not have to dissipate its efforts over too many outlets it enables the producer to gain adequate market coverage with more control and less cost than intensive distribution. Kotler, 2000) Selective distribution is generally applied on rarely bought goods such as DVDs, computers and cameras according to Fein and Anderson (1997). exclusive distribution means severely limiting the number of intermediaries. It is used when the producer wants to maintain control over the service level and service outputs offered by the re coverers. (Kotler, 2000) While minimizing costs, exclusive distribution tends to maximize channel good give and channel control. It is easier for the manufacturer to have completely satisfactory relationships with a few intermediaries than with many in a given area according to Mallen (1996). a lot it involves exclusive dealing arrangements, in which t he resellers agree not to carry competing brands. By granting exclusive distribution, the producer hopes to obtain more dedicated and knowledgeable marketing. (Kotler, 2000) Exclusive distribution is often used on capital goods such as cars according. Importance of distribution Distribution is a key component of any international marketing strategy. To successfully deliver products and services to customers spread across different geographies, youll have to develop an international marketing strategy with special emphasis on supply chain, which includes distribution.If your business has entered various markets, it may not be possible for you to single-handedly manage the abroad operations. Youll have to develop an effective distribution channel. This channel will consist of channel intermediaries, who will line sure that the product reaches the end user. Distribution is particular to your overseas operations because 1. It has a direct effect on sales. If you dont have a good dis tribution network, your products may stack up in a warehouse and wont reach your pit customers. 2. It affects your profits as well. As distribution costs sight make up to 50 percent of the final selling price of about products, an efficient distribution network can increase your profit margins. 3. It has an influence on customer satisfaction. As the long-term success of your overseas operations depends on satisfying your customers, choose your dealers and retailers carefully as they will be responsible, to a large extent, what your customers think about your product and if they will recommend your product to others. 1. 4 Types of distribution channelsTo gain competitive advantage in the market, you need to identify the right distribution channel that is acquainted(predicate) with your target consumer and segment. Also make sure that the distribution channel that you choose shares similar policies and strategies as your company and has a proven track take in the market. You can choose from among several channels of distribution. Your chosen distribution channel will directly affect all your other marketing decisions. Here are some options Direct marketing In this method, the company interacts with its customers directly without any intermediaries.Mail orders, the Internet and phone calls are some of the ways your potential customers can learn about your products and make purchases. Agents Agents proceed on a commission basis. Youll have to pay these agents on the saturation of sales they generate. Agents do not accept any legal ownership of the product. This kind of channel is usually expensive, as an agent is expensive to gearing and the physical distance makes his progress difficult to track. Distributors Distributors buy the goods directly from you and will then sell it to retailers.Since they take title to the goods, they are free to determine the prices of the goods themselves and develop their own marketing strategies. They usually have storage facilities. Retailers Retailers sell to the end customers and are, therefore, able to develop a better bond with them. The retailer takes on the responsibility of promoting the products and often decides the price of the product. Manufacturing-owned intermediaries This is a capital-intensive option, as your business will directly set up sales and service units in the markets that it has a presence. 2. 0 Channel precaution StrategiesChannel Management is yet another sales and marketing phrase that is thrown around want everyone knows what it means. But so few companies really comprehend channel management in a way that really helps them. Sales channels be the conduits by which we distribute our products to the end-user come in many shapes from direct, to the web, to the traditional retail environment. Channel Management Strategies (CMS) provides the latest research, benchmarking data, analytic models, and thought leadership undeniable to align and enhance your existing channel ma nagement initiatives.Channel Management Strategies delivers objective data and intelligence to compare and contrast your efforts with peer organizations, and provides ambitious research on industry trends, best-practice models and tactics, budget and resource allocation and meter strategies. Channel management is a process by which a company creates formalized programs for selling and servicing customers within a specific channel. it can impact businesses in a positive way. First segment channels by like characteristics (their needs, buying patterns, success factors, etc. and then tailor-make a channel management program that includes1. Goals Define the specific goals you have for each channel segment. Consider your goals for the channel as a whole as well as individual account. And, remember to consider goals for both acquisition and retention. 2. Policies Construct well defined polices for administering the accounts within this channel. Be sure to keep the unique characteristic s of each segment in mind when defining policies for account set up, order management, product fulfillment, etc. 3.Products Identify which products in your offering are most suited for each segment and create appropriate messaging. Also, determine where to upsell opportunities lie. 4. Sales/Marketing Programs Design support programs for your channel that meet their needs, not what your idea of their needs are. To do this, you should start by asking your customers within this segment, how can we best support you in the selling and marketing of our products? That being said, the standard considerations are product training, co-op advertising, seasonal promotions, and merchandising.Again, this is not a one-size fit all, so be diligent about addressing this segments specific needs in these areas. Defining a channel management strategy for each segment allows the organization to be more effective within each segment, while gaining efficiency at the same time. Still, maintaining brand consistency across all channel segments is critical to your long-term success. So it has to find a good balance between customization and brand consistency for a successful channel management.

Comp 2 Argumentive Essay

Argument Essay To be equal to complete a family most couples have pip-squeakren after marriage. I mean that a minor should complete a p atomic number 18nts life. On the other chip in I dont believe that it is biblically right for butch couples to be able to adopt a child and raise that child. In the al-Quran matinee idol created gentleman and woman for a purpose. This purpose was to be able to reproduce the population and for one man to be in esteem and with one woman. I do not believe that in a homosexuality house hold that a child would be raised properly and normally like most children are able to be raised.I intent putting children in that environment is suggesting that homosexuality is okay and it sincerely yours isnt when in terms of the bible. This sin was so important to God that he directly approached the subject in the bible saying it is a sin and that a man should be with a woman and a woman should be with a man. Being a huge booster amplifier of the Christia n faith because I am apart of that faith, I believe that being a homosexual is dishonorable and truly upsets God.On the other moot I am aware that not every heterosexual hearth in the area is a stable and a suitable hearth plate to raise a child in. In many homes in this world there are children that are beaten, raped, hungry, and also very poorly back up. In those terms and in those cases I do believe that it may be seizeable for a child that are in those conditions to be situated in a home where they will be loved and supported and be loved. I do also agree that a homosexual couple is very capable of loving and providing and taking care of a child.If the child is being beaten and unloved and raped and other uttermost(a) conditions I would be supportive and feel that it was okay for a child to be adopted into a homosexual home. I also feel that it is hard for the children that are being adopted to be able to accept what is going on and being able to know what is natural an d taboo. Same-sex couples breeding children must stand ready to prove to the world they are a family, just one that happens to have two mothers or two fathers. For sheath I would like to share this one homosexual couples tory. This constant burden of proof is especially difficult for families like the Muzingos, who eff in a rural area that doesnt allow them to establish reasoned ties to each other. Michelle Muzingo was in the de exsertry room when her wife, Katrina, gave birth to each of their 3 children, who are now 7, 4 and 1. She cut their umbilical cords and was the send-off to hold the children, who call her mommy. Yet because they live in Ohio, a state that does not allow gay couples to adopt, she is unable to make that title official. We are always scanning the circle around us to see what we accept to put in place to protect ourselves, said Katrina, 37. A describe released earlier this week illustrates just how vulnerable these couples and their children are, both legally and financially. later all, 30 states do not have laws that allow same-sex parents to either adopt, eyepatch six states restrict them or impose outright bans. Even families who live in states that recognize their relationships can run into trouble if they travel or move.And if something were to happen to a parent who was unable to adopt or differently establish legal ties, the child might be denied certain federal official benefits something that children of most heterosexual parents receive automatically. When having a child normally, with one man getting one woman that is married pregnant, it can be an super rocky road. Also I believe that not every home is perfect and there are many problems within each family. provided I just think that too many complications can tot up from homosexual couples adopting a child.

Mayan Civilization with citations!

The Mayans were an extremely advanced Micronesian civilization. They were located near modern daytime Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador and Mexico,l on the Yucatan Peninsula. They were skilled in art and architecture. This is unpatterned by the many pyramids they constructed. 3 This civilization also utilized a bulky deal of technology. They built magnificent cities with huge stone temples and pyramids. They also certain an advanced system of writing, mathematics and astronomy, which they employ to calculate an curate calendar. another(prenominal) example of how the Mayans were advanced is their agricultural technology. For example, they used the slash and burn method acting on their crops in order to clear plots of land and fertilize the soil. 2 Mayans used certain building techniques which is a part of what makes their civilization singular as well as successful. Because there were much(prenominal) large supplies of limestone and flint available, plaster and cement w as easily produced. This allowed the Mayans to build impressive temples and stepped pyramids.Flat roofs do of cedar beams overlaid with mortar were also common in this area, along with murals often displaying ghostly figures in vibrant colors. L Certain cities were particularly famous for this representative Amman architecture. One of these cities is Diktat. It was the largest city in the empire, home to over 100,000 people. at that place were eight pyramids built in the city. 2 This civilization also had its protest interesting religious beliefs. The Mayans were polytheistic and worshipped hundreds of gods, each of whom played a different role n the creation of the earth.The religion seems to throw been make up of thirteen heavens and order underworlds ruled by the nine lords of the nights, whose names are not known. Of all of the gods worshipped in this civilization, the chuck god was the most(prenominal) important to the Mayans. The god of the sky was also the most freq uent to appear in their ancient art, which included sculptures, ceramics, murals and architectural structures. It is evident that many of the structures built by the ancient Mayans were built in discover of the gods.Certain compounds were built with large open areas, from which all the citizens could view religious ceremonies, such as sacrifices that were held on elevated platforms. L The Mayans had an advanced vocabulary that they used to communicate with each other. Their alphabet was composed of glyphs rather than letters. 2 not all inscriptions of this text can be deciphered yet. However, analyzing the written langu come on became easier in the 1950 when a Russian ethnologist named Yuri Valedictorian Morrison proposed that the Amman script was at least partly phonetic.His theory was later proved correct, which was a breakthrough for all those studying this ancient civilization. 4 Another impressive let of the Mayans was their strategic military. The empire was once thought t o be peaceful, and held military forces totally for defensive purposes. Eventually, population growth increased competition with others, resulting in heightened levels of violence. armed services action became involved in order to gain political restrict of people, land and resources. Some scholars have suggested that the capture of sacrificial victims was another driveway force behind warfare.Mayans also had a decentralized government which made it more difficult to defeat, in turn protecting the nation from befitting over-ruled. 6 Overall, the Mayans were an extremely successful civilization. They made many significant discoveries in math and science. They also flourished artistically. After experienced a golden age lasting five centuries (300 to 800 AD), the Mayans suddenly and mysteriously abandoned their cities. The cause could have been from disease, natural disaster, deforestation, or even revolt but it is unknown to this day.

To Kill a Mockingbird Part 1 Chapter Summaries

Harper Lee To Kill A Mockingbird CHAPTER SUMMARIES pause 1 Chapter 1 The story is narrated by a young lady friend named Jean Louise Finch, who is almost always echoed by her nickname, scout. Scout describes her familys history and her town, Maycomb. She and her brother, Jem, be also introduced to Dill, and the children share their stories and imaginations about the man next door. Chapter 2 phra strive arrives, and Dill leaves Maycomb to return home. Meanwhile, Scout goes to school for the first time, of which she has been eagerly time lag for. heretofore, it does not go as well as she had expected.Chapter 3 Walter Cunningham comes to lunch with the Finches and Scout learns a lesson in manners from Calpurnia and a lesson of agree from Atticus. Back at school, Miss Caroline discovers what a cootie is. Chapter 4 The rest of the school year passes grimly for Scout as she does not like the slow curriculum. After school one day, Scout and Jem catch some mysterious presents in the knothole of an old oak tree on the Radley property. Dill returns, and the kids play a new game. Chapter 5 Jem and Dill amaze closer, and Scout begins to feel left out of their friendship.As a result, she starts expenditure time with one of their neighbors Miss Maudie Atkinson. And the childrens fascination with darn Radley continues. Chapter 6 On Dills last night, the three kids venture out to try and see into Boo Radleys back window. This adventure leads to terrifying results, especially for Jem. The kids are forced to lie when the neighbourhood hears the commotion. Chapter 7 A few years after the kids adventure, Jem finally tells Scout what actually happened to him that night and as the summer comes to a close, Scout and Jem find more presents in the Radley tree, but their reenforce is suddenly cut off by Mr.Radley. Chapter 8 Winter comes quickly, rescue a rare snowstorm to Maycomb. Miss Maudies house is ruined in a fire and whilst the neighbourhood is helping, Jem and Sc out are asked to stay put in by the Radley place where scout has a rare encounter with Boo without even knowing it. Chapter 9 Scout runs into trouble with both a classmate and a cousin when the two boys taunt her about her father, whom they call a nigger lover. Atticus explains to Scout that he will be defending a black man named Tom Robinson.Chapter 10 Scout had previously thought that Atticus was too old to do anything. However discovers that he does actually possess some talents, when he is asked to shoot a sick dog with one shot of a rifle and gets it, this stupefied Scout and Jem. Chapter 11 Jem and Scout learn more about their neighbour Mrs. Dubose, Jem in more ways than one as he is asked to memorialize to Mrs. Dubose every afternoon as a punishment. About a calendar month after jem had completed this, Mrs. Dubose died of a morphine addiction.

Nel Cor Piu Non Mi Sento

Nel Cor Piu Non Mi Sento Composed by Giovanni Paisiello Nel cor piu non mi sento Brillar la gioventu Cagion del mio tormento, Amor, sei colpa tu. Mi pizzichi, mi stuzzichi, Mi pungichi, mi mastichi Che cosa e Questo ahime? Pieta, pieta, pieta A more(prenominal) e un certo che, Che disperar mi fa. Nel Cor Piu Non Mi Sento Giovanni Paisiello was the most fashionable amusive composer of his time. His operas (of which he is known to have composed 94) abound with melodies, the neat beauty of which is still appreciated.His church music was very voluminous, composing of viii masses, besides many smaller works. He also produced 51 implemental compositions and many detached pieces. As the eighteenth century operatic position that surrounded and influenced Mozart emerged into clearer view, Giovanni Paisiello was recognized as one of its most signifi tummyt shapers. He began composing opera as soon as he leftfield the Conservatory of San Onofrio in Naples in 1763. In Naples, he soon beca me realized as a popular local composer.He was noted for simplifying operatic flare in the interests of getting more quickly to the plot and keeping it moving. His inclination of an orbit towards concision was even greater strengthened when he accepted handicraft in the court of Catherine the Great of Russia in 1776. She demanded that productions in her theater blend no more than an hour and a half. He strove to found his melodies more appealing, his orchestration more colorful, and make the music help illustrate the plot. This is understandably apparent in Nel Cor Piu Non Mi Sento. This upbeat aria is one in which includes comic relief as well as a fast paced verse and mood. Well under two minutes, it is concise. Paisiello was known for his short compositions. This song does a great job of attracting peoples attention and keeping that attention, no matter how short or long the piece may be. Nel Cor Piu Non Mi Sento comes from LAmor contrastato, produced in Naples in 1789. It was performed throughout Europe for many, many years. In other cities, the opera was sometimes called different names.Nevertheless, this aria in general became immensely popular. Famous stars sang the elaborate piece, as Beethoven wrote piano variations of it. Audiences remembered Nel Cor Piu Non Mi Sento because it was simple. Also, it was tell many times throughout the scene in the opera. It is strain by Rachelina, then by a tenor suitor, Colloandro, and the ending is repeated as a duet. Its short and quick rhythmic sound stuck in peoples minds in which contributed to the great success of this song.As for the character of this song, it is surpass shown through the actual character(s) it was written for. The scene of the opera takes place indoors Rachelinas home in the countryside near Naples. Rachelina is described as a rich mill-owner and imprudent in love. In the scene, she is working something that women in preceding operas seldom did. Sorrounding her I assume would be c ommon items found deep down a home. I expect that she may be in her kitchen cleaning somewhere. As for what she wants, can be compared to what we all want. True love applaud has been driving her crazy and she does not feel as well as usual. She, like most of the world, does not understand how love can make us so crazy at times. Learning about a character that is already discovered and developed, it is almost easier to express emotion into this song. I believe this is because I am a woman and I can relate to how Rachelina is feeling. Also, I try to place myself in her shoes, and truly observe her emotions through my voice. It is a rewarding experience when you allow yourself to become other character. Thats what makes music so much fun

Louisia May Alccott

The story Little cleaning lady by Louisa May Alcott is about the lives of the four touch girls, Jo, Meg, Beth, and Amy, living with their female p atomic number 18nt in New England as their father is away serving as a chaplain in the Civil War. Even though the girls bicker analogous all siblings, they keep their kind headquarters together as they require for their father to return from the war. The sisters struggle to fend for themselves and keep their household lead despite the fact that the family recently lost its fortune. In the process, they become smashed friends with their richesy neighbor, Theodore Laurence, likewise known as Laurie. Let me give an design of the 4 beautiful March girls. Margaret March also known as Meg is the oldest of the March sisters. She is pretty, simple, and interested in the finer things in life. Josephine March also known as Jo is the second oldest of the March sisters. She is a teenager just like Meg. She is tall and skinny, a tomboy who always says and does the wrongfulness thing, very talented, good-hearted, and a good writer. Elizabeth March also known as Beth is the second youngest, she is a sweet music lover, and is a little dainty also.Beth is the only one without ambitions, whose only desire is to live at home with her parents and practice her music. She is almost to good to be real,loves doll collection and her legion(predicate) cats,and always has just the right kind word for any situation. Beth is so shy that she is unable to attend a public school and therefore gets her schooling at home. Amy is the youngest who intends to marry for money so she would be in the high society and convey wealthy friends, expensive jewels, and expensive clothes. Amy is also a little selfish but very social,elegant,and spoiled.Those are the characteristics and personalitys of the 4 beautiful March girls. Each of the March girls have an imaginary stronghold for which she hopes, but each ends with a very different future than she would have imagined for herself. Like when Amy finally got the chance to fulfill her dreams, she turns it away and turning rather to Laurie to marry, her childhood friend. Turns out that Lauries grandpa Mr. Laurence is wealthy and left his entire the three estates to Laurie. In the end all of the girls erudite that no amount of wealth can bring more than satisfaction than that of a close and loving family.But as the girls grow older, each faces her own personal demons and moral challenges. Jo, our honey protagonist, must tame her tomboyish ways and learn to be more ladylike while pursuing her ambition to be a bang-up writer. Meg, the oldest, must put aside her love of wealth and finery in localize to follow her heart. Beth, the shy one, must conquer her bashfulness, while Amy, the youngest, has to sacrifice her grim pride. The girls are guided in their personal growth by their mother, Marmee, and by their religious faith.The familys tight bonds are forever changed when Meg falls in love with John Brooke, Lauries tutor. Meg and John marry and begin a home of their own, quickly populated by twins Daisy and Demi. Another sexual union seems imminent when Laurie reveals to Jo that he has fallen in love with Jo but Jo does not like him back in that same way. Then Laurie goes to Europe accompany by his grandfather. He pursues his passion for music and tries to forget Jo. Then seperatly Amy travels with Europe with her wealthy Aunt Carroll and cousin Flo and nurturs her artistic talent.Jo goes to New York as the governess for a family friend, Mrs. Kirke, experiencing the big city and trying her hand as a professional writer. Only after Beth died Jo found the mixture of paths and heartfelt serious-mindedness that enables her to write stories that have the publisher begging for more of the same. Jos talent for paper develops in spurts, writing first innocent romances for a local paper, a novel that receives mixed reviews and finally sensation sto ries for a tabloid in NY. While in New York, Jo meets German expatriate Professor Bhaer, whose cause and strong moral nature spark her interest.Back in the States, Jo returns home to sustenance for her bereaved parents and learns to embrace her domestic side. Across the Atlantic, Laurie and Amy discover that they lack the superstar to be great artists, but that they make an excellent romantic pairing. after(prenominal) Beth, who has never been strong, dies young, Amy finally got the chance to fulfill her dreams, she turns it away and turning instead to Laurie to marry since the sorrow of their loss solidifies Amys bond to Laurie. her childhood friend. Turns out that Lauries grandfather Mr. Laurence is wealthy and left his entire estate to Laurie.But when All the loose ends are tied up as Jo and Professor Bhaer marry and start a boarding school for boys, while Amy and Laurie marry and use the Laurence family wealth to support struggling young artists. The Brooke, Bhaer, and Laur ence households flourish, and the novel ends with a birthday party for Marmee, celebrating the across-the-board March family connections and the progress of Jos boarding school, Plumfield. In the end all of the girls learned that no amount of wealth can bring more happiness than that of a close and loving family.

Cognitive Explanation of Gambling Addiction (10 Mark)

Outline and evaluate the cognitive explanation of gambling habituation (4 marks + 6 marks) The cognitive explanation of addiction foc lend oneselfs on the elbow room humans process information, viewing addicts as people who have incorrect impressions/judgements. The faulty thinking that surrounds a gambling addiction, according to the cognitive advent, is the belief that we will win, or at least be able to moderate the odds of winning, for example, a gambling addict, using his/her lucky numbers on the lottery gives them some control over the outcome of the gamble.According to the cognitive modeling, a gambling addiction may be maintained by absurd or erroneous beliefs. For example, some gamblers may misjudge how much money they have win or lost, or they may over-estimate the extent to which they kindle predict/influence gambling outcomes. Griffiths held a study looking into these infatuated divergees, using fruit machine gamblers. His aim was to discover whether regular g amblers thought and behaved differently to non-regular gamblers.He compared the verbalisations of 30 regular and 30 non-regular gamblers as they played a fruit machine. Griffiths found that regular gamblers believed they were more than skilful than they really were, and that they were more likely to make irrational verbalisations during play, for example, regular players may say putt only a quid in bluffs the machine, or they would comprehend the machine as if it were a person, giving it emotions this fruity isnt in a good mood. Regular gamblers also explained away their losings be seeing near misses as near wins, i. . they werent eternally losing exactly constantly nearly winning, something that justified their continuation. The cognitive model also uses heuristics as an explanation of addictive behaviour. Heuristics are used to simplify decisions and justify behaviour, for example, some gamblers will have hindsight bias, saying by and by a gambling session that they knew what was going to happen. This makes gamblers feel empowered as it suggests they have some control over their wins/losings. Other gamblers may use flexible attribution this is where they ttribute any wins to their own acquirement and any losses to other influences. Others may solely concentrate on how much they won ignoring how much they lost to get it. This is called absolute frequency bias. The theories of the cognitive approach are strengthened by the substantial amount of evidence that supports its ordinary principles, for example, it has been shown that alcoholics, smokers, over-eaters, gamblers and opiate addicts were itemly likely to lapse when they experienced negative emotional states.A yet strength of the model is that it has initiated implications for treatment, for example, the cognitive approach has made clear that the dawdle prevention model must be tailored to each individualist addict. However, the model is criticised as there have been claims that irrationality is an erratic predictor of addictive behaviour, irrationality does not appear to have a toughened relationship with other observable assets of gambling, such as level of jeopardy taking or reinforcement frequency.Therefore cause and effect of cognitive bias cannot be established. Cognitive explanations may also be limited to particular addictions, for example, it may be less relevant to chemical addictions like heroin, but is useful and effective explanation for gambling or video blue addiction. It is also difficult to establish cause and effect over skill perception and gambling beliefs about skill in gambling veer across individuals, such beliefs are not necessarily irrational either.

Immigration Study Essay

For many immigrants, beclimax an Ameri substructure has been shaped by the Statesns and the the Statesn governments identification of them racially. Latino and Hispanic immigrants ar ane race in particular that often has trouble adjusting to life story in the States. Most Latinos that wish to tot up to America seduce a much different view of America than Americans do. They see America as this wonderful place with endless(prenominal) opportunities, money and freedom. even, once they actually capture to America, Latinos usually regard it is non what they had expected. Many of them effort to find jobs, struggle to find a place to go away, and take hold a hard era fitting in.America may have a far founder economy than Mexico, but Hispanic immigrants rarely tug the jobs or the pay back that they hope for when they come here. It can be nearly impossible for near immigrants to find institute at all sometimes because of their race and another(prenominal) times because of their lack of experience or their lack of education. Many Latino immigrants get stuck with jobs that most Americans do not want, standardised fast food restaurants, housekeeping jobs, farming, and landscaping. These jobs rarely give good pay, forcing them to get two or even three jobs just so that they can afford to feed their families. In the book The Circuit, Francisco Jimenez writes to the highest degree his family struggling to take up it in America many years ago. Jimenez writes about leaving Mexico to come to America as a child and constantly having to move in order for his parents to find work. In one chapter Jimenez says, After stopping at several places and asking for work, we found a rancher who still had a few cotton fields left to be picked. He offered us work and a tent to live in. It was one of many dark parkland tents lined up in rows. The labor camp looked like an soldiers settlement(Jimenez 54). Like many immigrants today, Jimenez and his brothers had to work o n the farms instead of handout to school to help support his family.On top of trying to find jobs and money, immigrants in any case battle with fitting in. They are looked down on by many Americans because they are a differentrace with different traditions and cultures. Americans often accuse Hispanics of taking all of the available jobs leaving none for anyone else. In an article entitled, Is This a White Country or What?, Lilian Rubin talks about the way whitened Americans and natural-born citizens feel about immigrants. Rubin writes, For whites the issue is compounded by race, by the fact that the newcomers are primarily people of color. For them, therefore, their economic anxieties have combined with the changing face of America to crruste a fleshy uneasiness about immigration(Rubin 227). Several white Americans are also afraid that Hispanics and other immigrants are going to overpopulate in America making it less of a white country. Rubin explains, Americans have alship c anal overturned about the strangers who came to our shores, fearing that they would corrupt our society, dilute our culture, debase our values(Rubin 227). Hispanics are too often misjudged for trying to find jobs and for coming to America.They must live in a country where a majority of the population tries to segregate them from the white society. In another article called, Best of Friends, Worlds Apart, Mirta Ojito describes two friends who intent apart because they are different races. Ojito writes, The two men live only four miles apart, not even 15 minutes by car. Yet they are separated by a far greater distance, one they say they never envisioned back in Cuba. In ways that are obvious to the black man but far less so to the white, they have grown apart in the United States because of race. For the starting line time, they inhabit a place where the color of their skin defines the outlines of their lives-where they live, the friends they make, how they speak, what they wear, even what they eat(Ojito NYT-3-1).For Latino and Hispanic immigrants, leaving their native country to come to America is not always what it seems. They face a lot of disappointment when realizing that America is not the perfect place that they pictured it to be. Losing hopes about getting the American dream, they must fight to find jobs, jobs that normally do not pay well at all. For immigrants, finding a place to live and raise a family can be an extremely difficult, especially in society where white people are seen as superior. Some children have to give up their education to help their families make money. For most Latinos and Hispanics, coming to a new country means leaving behind essentialtraditions to find their place in a white country.Works CitedJimnez, Francisco. The Circuit. stark naked York Scholastic, 1997. Print.Paula, Rothenberg. American Culture, Identity, and Public Life Course Reader. Worth Publishers, 2013.

Comment on the Three Conditions on Market Efficiency

An efficient big(p) food market is one in which stock prices fully reflect forthcoming information. professor Andrei Shleifer has suggested three conditions lead to market efficiency. (1) tenableness, (2)independent deviations from rationality, and (3)arbitrage. This essay will dig into investors behavioural curvees and then discuss the behavioral and a posteriori challenges to market efficiency. In the attached article, James Montier suggested three behavioral biases that investors had. (1) illusion of control, (2)self-attribution, and (3)over-confident. Illusion of control means people fell they argon in control of a situation far more than they atomic human action 18.Self-attribution means good outcomes are contributed to their dexterity while bad outcomes are contributed to external, such as back luck. These cardinal biases lead people to be over-optimistic and exaggerate their own abilities. People are always over-confident as well. They always think they are smarte r and have break information than they actually do. These three behavioral biases form a potency combination and lead investors to overestimate their ability and knowledge and understate the risks. In reality, there are some other behavioral biases. Investors usually opt to put their money into a friendship that they know or long- long-familiar with.This is known as familiarity bias. They will invest heavily in the company they work for. They will also allocate a mammothr piece of their investments to domestic stock even though it is easier to diversify investments across geographies. In addition, people tend to perceive probabilities and resonate with their own pre-existing ideas even though the conclusions drawn are statistically invalid. And this is called representativeness. The next bias exists in reality is conservatism, it means that people are too behindhand in castigateing their beliefs to new information.They clings to prior views or forecasts at the expense of ac knowledging new information. The decease bias I want to mention is herd behavior. This is a disposal for individuals to mimic the actions(rational or irrational) of a tumid group. It may comes from social atmospheric pressure of conformity and/or believing the larger group knows something that they dont. most(prenominal) of the above-mentioned behavioral biases contradict Professor Andrei Shleifers three conditions for market efficiency. One of the conditions he suggested was rational.People will go down their estimates of stock prices in a rational way after new information is released in the marketplace. be people really rational? Not always. People will work out familiarity bias. They will be too favor the investments in companies they are familiar with. Tendency by investors to invest in domestic stock or the companies they work for. They do not achieve the degree of diversification that they puke easily achieve. Others are over-confident and over-optimistic to believe they give the gate pick winners and losers when, in fact, they cannot this leads them to hatful too much, generating both commissions and taxes.The behavioral view is that not all investors are irrational. Rather, it is some, perhaps many, investors are. Independent deviation from rationality was the second condition for market efficiency suggested by Andrei Shleifer. However, psychologists have long argued that people deviate from rationality in accordance with a number of basic principles. Some of them can apply to finance and market efficiency. One of the most examples in new-fangled memory would be the bursting of the earnings bubble. The behavior bias, representativeness can be apply to explain this phenomenal.People perceive their pre-existing idea and draw conclusions from insufficient data. They proverb a curtly history of high revenue step-up and alter that it will continue forever. Another behavior bias to explain internet bubble is herd behavior. Investors face pressure of conformity and trust large group irrationally. Result into a tendency for individuals to mimic the actions of a larger group that contributed to Internet bubble as well. Another behavior bias contradict independent deviations from rationality is conservatism. People are too slow in adjusting their beliefs to new information.In 2005, Kolasinski and Li have done a investigate by ranking companies by the extent of their earnings surprise. They found that prices adjust slowly to the earning announcements with the portfolio with the positive surprises outperforming the portfolio with the negative surprises. Behavioral finance suggests that investors exhibit conservatism. Professor Andrei Shleifer suggests that domination of rational professional will carry the stock tack together its efficient prices by simultaneous purchasing and selling of misprice stock. However, in a world of many irrational amateurs and a few professionals, prices would not adjust to correct level.The risk of further mispricing may reduce the size of arbitrage strategies. In 1907, Royal Dutch Petroleum and Shell Transport meld interest and split the cash flow in a 60/40 basis. However, empirical finding shows that two parties have rarely traded at parity (60/40) over the 1962 to 2004 period. Deviation from parity could increase in the short run, implying losses for the arbitrageur. There are also a numbers of empirical challenges to market efficiency. The common features among those empirical studies were all in an international basis.A number of studies of relationship between the fall back and its market capitalizations have been replicated over unlike periods and in different countries. They found that restoration on small stocks was preferably a bit higher than the average return on large stocks. It may be not all but merely a compensation for the extra risk. In 1998, Fama and French found the average return on value stocks was above the average return on growth stocks in 12 to 13 major international stock markets. The return difference is so large and these ratios can be obtained so easily.The results diagnose strong evidence against market efficiency. Security prices sometimes move wildly above their true values and eventually fall back to airplane pilot level. The crashes and bubbles of Internet stock in late 1990 consistent with this bubble theory and constitute evidence against market efficiency. Size, value versus growth, crashes and bubbles were all found in international stock market. And those behavioral biases studies were carried around the world. Therefore, we may expect those behavioral and empirical challenges discussed above may hold in all counties or market setting.

Glass Menagerie Essay

An Escape from Confine custodytThe Wingfield family in Tennessee Williams The Glass zoo is iodine that is held together by the bonds of illusion, dysfunction, and entrapment. Amanda Wingfield lives in a lower middle-class flatcar that Williams tells us is diagnostic of the impulse of this largest and fundamentally enslaved section of Ameri stick come out of the closet ordering to avoid fluidness and differentiation and to function as one interfused atomic pile of automatism (Williams, 1945, 400). Amanda and her two children, Laura and Tom, are enslaved in different ways. Amanda is a slave to a past when the bloom was not off the rose, so-to-speak. Tom is enslaved by condole with for his mother and sister that keeps him working in a warehouse romp he hates as he is a poet. Laura is enslaved by her illusions. There is a constant struggle among universe and illusion in this encounter, something wry in light of the fact that Williams attempted to avoid realism.As sedative drug (1960) notes As a writer he is basically a poet, and he has done much to develop the possibilities of poetic expression in a theater that was created as a home for relentless realism (222). Lauras development through the bunk influences the evolution of the idea, that one must campaign enslavement to have the chance for a fulfilling existence. The truly dysfunctional family of the play didnt manage to send off their confined existence. At first it could calculate as if their lives are anything but normal, but Amandas impulse to continue her single-parent family seems as familiar as the morning newspaper (Presley 53). The Wingfields are a typical family just struggling to get by.Their problems, however, stem from their inability to efficaciously communicate with each other. Instead of talking out their differences, they resort to larger-than- brio acts. The desperation that the Wingfields embrace has led them to create illusions in their minds and in unit of ammunition become deceptive. Amanda, Tom, and Laura are caught up in a web of desperation, denial, and deception, and it is this entrapment that prevents them, as it would any family, from living productive andemotionally fulfilled life. All of the plays characters make attempts at escape. The let is the ultimate symbol of escape because of his desertion. Laura continually escapes into a world of fantasy through the glass zoological garden and the old phonograph records. Amanda tries to escape her current life by retelling stories of when she was boylike and life had limitless possibilities.Tom escapes his life and his mind-numbing job by personnel casualty to the movies and sometimes getting drunk. Even the flatbed where they live is something from which they would like to escape. The Wingfield apartment is in the rear of the building, one of those vast hive-like conglomerations of cellular living-units that flower as warty growths in overcrowded urban centers of lower middle-class popul ations and are symptomatic of the impulse of this largest and fundamentally enslaved section of American society to avoid fluidity and differentiation and to exist and function as one interfused mass of automatism (stage directions, 1.1, Williams 1175). Williams uses a description of the setting to establish the prison-like feel .The play takes an ambiguous view toward the moral implications and even the effectiveness of Toms escape. As cold as he might wander from home, something still pursues him. Like a jailbreak, Toms escape leads him not to freedom but to the life of a fugitive.In their attempts to escape reality, all of the characters back away into some smorgasbord of fantasy, whether it is films or glass animals. They find a source of comfort and cheer in these fantasy realms that they do not seem to find in reality. Each member of the Wingfield family is unable to overcome this difficulty, and each, as a result, withdraws into a private world of illusion where he or sh e finds the comfort and kernel that the real world does not seem to offer.Of the three Wingfields, reality has by far the weakest grasp on Laura. The private world in which she lives is be by glass animals that, like Lauras inner life, are implausibly delicate. Unlike his sister, Tom is capable of functioning in the real world. But, in the end, he has no more motivation than Laura does to pursue professional success, amatory relationships, and he prefers to retreat into the fantasies. Amandas relationship to reality is the most abstruse in the play. Unlike her children, she is partial to real-world values and longs for social and financial success. backup in the past is Amandas way of escaping her pitiful present reality (Knorr). She never forgets to tell Laura and Tomabout her receiving seventeen gentlemen callers in meritless Mountain when she was young One Sunday afternoon-your mother received-seventeen-gentlemen callers Why, sometimes there werent enough chairs enough to accommodate them all (Williams 26). Amandas retreat into illusion is in many ways more pathetic than her childrens, because it is a distortion of reality. In The Glass Menagerie, memory plays an important part, both thematically and in terms of the plays presentation.Thematically, a referee sees the bad effects of memory in the form of Amandas living in the past. As far as the plays presentation is concerned, the integral story is told from the memory of Tom, the narrator .When he begins to speak in facet 1 of The Glass Menagerie, one of the first things he tells the audience is, The play is memory. Being a memory play, it is dimly lighted, it is sentimental, it is not realistic. The influence and position of memory is an important theme in the play and influences all the characters, which are trapped by memory. Tom is haunted by the memory of deserting his sister.Amanda cant move past the memory of living a wear out life in Blue Mountain. A blown-up photograph of the father h angs on the wall of the living room, to the leftover of the archway. It is the face of a rattling handsome young man in a doughboys introductory World War cap. He is gallantly smiling, ineluctably smiling, as if to give tongue to I will be smiling forever. (Stage directions, scene One, Williams 1178). Just as the portrait of Amandas husband hangs in the house, so does the past loom over the present of the play.Laura allows herself to become lost in phonograph records left by their father, the records themselves holding memories of the past. Even Jim is entangled by the memories of his days as a high school hero instead of just another(prenominal) guy working at a factory. The play examines the conflict between ones obligations and ones real desires, suggesting that being neat to one may necessitate abandonment of the other. In the Glass Menagerie the characters have failed to escape enslavement, thus, losing the chance for a fulfilling existence.The quotation from Thoreau, The mass of men lead lives of the quiet desperation, applies directly to the characters, as they were all unhappy, but took no action to improve their situation in any significant way. breaking down the chain of a vicious circle is an ongoing going that can be found in a work life, item-by-itemised relationships, and even in relationships with oneself resulting in addictions. The Glass Menagerie gives a reader an incentive to act up onthe stigmas, bias, and prejudices that one might have. Its impossible to become a fulfilled and harmoniously accomplished individual without facing the dichotomy of ones character. One has to get out of the world of fragile illusions and face the reality in order to be a happy person, as illusions create nothing but desperation.?

American Mania: When More Is Not Enough Essay

INTRODUCTIONIt takes immense courage to top dog something that has been so firmly sculptured into ones mind or something that everyone accepts as normal, it also takes huge insight to be able to see past the monotony and quotidian details of life and observe something that is greatly and equally affecting a nation. Mr. Whybrow accomplishes this with great eloquence in his book American mania.Adam metalworkers American dream of depth and appetencyThe book begins with the chapter call Adam smiths American dream of depth and desire in which Mr. Whybrow gives an account of his taxi ride on the way to the airport to catch a flight from Los Angles to New York, he tells his story in almost a poetic manner describing the myriad of scenes that he observes. He points out everything that makes him reflect on how rapidly the world is moving and how everyone is creation swept away with this storm and how no one stops to hark back about where theyre actually headed and how everyone has le ss and less time for the lower-ranking things in life, things which once were considered to be the essence of life.The author seeks to explain the melodramatic shift away from social concern and toward competitive self-interest that occurred during the decision decades of the 20th Century (p. 257). Whybrow, himself a British immigrant, advances the hypothesis that Americans are a nation of migrants who are outfitted not just with the self-seeking genes yet also with the restless, risk-taking genes of those who have risked all to look for a new toss off of opportunity. Whybrow argues that highly migrant people are novelty seekers, restless and affirmative risk-takers,CONCLUSIONWhybrows theories are provocative because they not only return the possibility of psychoanalysis in the alliance of culture, speculating beyond the anthropology and identity government that all cultures are just as advantageous, but also contest us to reassess the insufficiency of our psychological desc riptions. Identifying a culture as hectic or obsessed is somewhat useful in attempting to countermand the idea of national character but to propose a elemental personality as the repository of a societys values, from which somebody character differentiates is a mammoth task Mr. Whybrow manages to make the reader question the values and beliefs that we have come to cherish so dearly.WORKS CITED dig Whybrow (2006) American Mania When More Is Not Enough. Retrieved on 18th October 2006 from http//www.amazon.com/American-Mania-When-More-Enough/dp/0393059944

Evaluation of incredible India in UK market Essay

Like any separate trade sector, evaluation of a brand in a specialised market depends heavily on the data collected in whatever specific segments, and in here they be A. shade of al-Qaida, i. e. , issues involved amenities interchangeable transport, water, rail and road links, boarding and lodging, etc. B. hold out behavior, i. e. , gauge about the appetites of the travellers. C. Effectiveness of intercourse This area is self-explicit.D. Quality of product, i. e., quality and bar of tourist sites, where quality should be interpreted as the magnitude of signification of a site in terms heritage, beauty, adventure, unique natural phenomenon, sanative or spiritual angles. Detailed and authenticated data on the state of these segments would be instrumental in determining the exact standing of this bm in a specific market. For that matter this study uses the information supply in the Report on Evaluation Study in Selected overseas Markets (2007) created by The Gallup Org anization for Market Research Division, Ministry of touristry, and Government of India.A. Infrastructure plot of ground the Gallup Study observes the overall growth in the infrastructure Industry is further for tourism in the future, it furnishes terribly disappointing information in the adjacent page, where it compares the state of Indias aviation industry to that of China and informs that India has 15 hotshot million million position (as on September 2006) as against 140 million seats in China (p. 13). However, the report churns out good news afterward a few pages by mentioning about the awards won by unconvincing India campaign and the survey results that consider India amongst the top five favourite destinations (p.17). B. Travel Behaviour Only 32% people of United Kingdom are aware of Indian Tourism Offices, though India and UK has a direct kinship for around 300 years. The Gallup Report (p. 45) observes that the past travel record of UK citizens(46%) were plainly ne xt to Australia (51%), while the current survey shows that American tourists (799, 062) have pushed the British tourists (796,191) behind them (Incredible, 2008). Gallup Report observes that in terms of future behaviour, UK shows only 5% growth rate (p. 50).Now tallying this observation with the state of communication with UK would hand over the clue why the future of growth of Indian tourism in UK looks so dismal. C. Effectiveness of communication The chart below upliftedlights the state of communication between India and other study countries/continents in terms of travel arrangements. involution for Travel Arrangement (% Yes) CANADA regular army UK EUROPE MIDDLE EAST S. KOREA japan AUS RECENT TRAVELLERS Through Phone 54 46 16 9 7 8 23 17 10 Through meshing 44 69 46 46 7 24 60 39 22.Through Travel Agents 89 63 56 60 45 76 83 74 68 In psyche 76 44 18 34 72 15 33 43 15 Others 12 10 11 6 11 5 2 Gallup Report P. 55 The above table shows that communication with UK is below ex pectation, if one considers the legacy of 300-year close communication between India and UK. D. Quality of product From the perspective of the history of Indo-British relationship of over 300 years, elements same cultural heritage (colonial times) or deserves a place in the plectron of the British travellers, but the survey (below) does non even include that.(%) CANADA USA UK EUROPE MIDDLE EAST S. KOREA JAPAN AUS RECENT TRAVELLERS Adventure Sports 14 18 5 18 17 13 15 12 2 Eco-tourism 54 56 35 44 65 27 25 34 16 Shopping 51 46 44 33 87 15 27 54 38 Sight-seeing 98 99 79 88 89 79 94 93 87 Pilgrimages 27 20 8 21 2 35 10 23 7 Visiting friends / relatives 35 25 23 12 8 6 19 17 Medical interposition 9 13 13 10 38 8 6 4 1 Cultural Events 61 75 31 67 22 52 46 67 Others 34 52 14 44 4 8 17 2 Business purposes 4 3 11 26 Adapted from Gallup Study P.57.Here as well it is seen that UK is lagging behind USA and Japan, in spite of their close physical contact with India for more than th ree centuries. Another notable factor is that there is not much response in the health check tourism sector, though thee is a recent surge in Medical Tourism in India repayable to reasons manage state-of-the-art aesculapian facilities at far cheaper rates and high medical insurance cost in UK. A brief compendium of the online campaign of Incredible India would corroborate that too. III.1. Analysis of online campaign 1. Statement of procedure (About Us page) While it boasts about its network of 20 offices in spite of appearance India and 13 offices abroad, it fails to mention about its central policy. 2. Topics covered It contains three major topic domains distributed under heads like Trip Planner, Experience India and Holiday Ideas, where the premiere one deals with trip arrangements, second attempts to brief India thematically and the third one provides ideas about tourist activities.None of them contains any clue to the prospective medical tourists. Omission of this import ant issue looks is even more surp wage hike, as the Tourism Department of India itself has launched a medical tourism campaign separately, where it clearly expresses its views like medical tourism or health tourism in India is exuberant gaining grounds and tries to gain competitive advantage by citing examples of quality infrastructure and cheap costs as against skyrocketing healthcare costs in the rude like UK.It even goes on describing at length about the handiness of various types of medical treatments and other facilities (Why India, 2007). 3. Apart from that, this campaign hasnt decently tapped the potential of ancient Indian techniques of well being and healing, like Yoga, Vaastu Shastra, or other spiritual practices, which are now integral part of the global New Age movement along with their Buddhist or mongoloid counterparts like Feng-Shui, Tai-chi, etc.These facts are already known in the medical fraternity of UK, as it is evident from the various other news like UK do ctor setting shop in Goa for medical tourists due to the rising flow of medical tourists in India (UK Indian, 2007), or the news that health tourism in India have flourished to a huge extent, as the Indian hospitals shortly estimated to deal with 150,000 foreigners each year (Indias rise, 2007).Yet, Incredible India, the flagship project of aligning Brand India continues to neglect this huge and constantly increasing segment of tourism. In other words, it can be said that the impact of campaign like Incredible India on UK doesnt prove to be effective as it was expected to be. The above data facilitates the introduction of SWOT analysis on Incredible India Campaign from the perspective of UK market.

Comparative Academic Review

IntroductionThe aspects of psychiatrical discussion of patients fork up been widely discussed in the academic literature on the subject in the last several(prenominal) decades. In two associate studies, Christina Katsakou et el. (2010) and Jelena Jankovic et. al (2011) trace the practical implications of treatment contentment and c aregivers experiences respectively. twain studies cover specific aspects of psychiatric treatment in the UK.The first engage up foc designs on the irresistible impulse and treatment pleasure among patients, who adjudge been admitted for psychiatric treatment involuntarily. The look, conducted in 2010, reveals the impact of obsession on the merriment of treatment among patients, as tumefy as the psychological aspects of coercion. The playing field has been conducted as an observation in 22 hospitals in England, w here(predicate) a total of 778 patients were recruited (Katsakou et. al, 2010). Their blessedness with the treatment they receive d has been striped at distinct stages peerless week, nonpareil month, three months and superstar year after the admission. In cabaret to measure the levels of bliss, the authors draw utilize factors lots(prenominal) as clinical improvement and clinical characteristics. The results from this shoot were obtained using standard statistical analysis, and indicated an increase in the delight among involuntarily admitted patients between their first admission and the dissimilar follow ups. The siemens say, conducted in 2011, focuses on the experiences of family caregivers during unvoluntary hospital admissions of their sex acts. It is a qualitative guinea pig, which used as a research method semi-structured inter purviews, conducted with 29 caregivers whose relatives corroborate been admitted unbidden in 12 hospitals across England (Jankovic et.al., 2011). Throughout the pick out, major themes begin been identified, such as relief and conflicting emotions, frustratio n with the fit of getting help, and so forth The results of the atomic number 42 survey have concluded that the role of the family caregivers can be enhanced if their duties are valued enough, without turning into a burden. The pur rile of this apprize academic review is to critically compare both studies, high leisurelying their strengths, weaknesses and doable contributions to the literature on the subject.Both studies provide valuable insight on the subject of treatment of patients with psychical illnesses, and reveal the interactive nature of the clinical process as a dynamic interaction between different elements institutions, caregivers, and patients. Both studies manage to reveal the intricacy of the connection, which exists between coercion and satisfaction in the first case, and family caregivers as active elements in the process of unwilling admission in the plunk for case.The first study uses a decimal research method and statistical analysis, based on an experi mental study. The study has been conducted in 22 hospitals in England. The advantage of the choice of this method for the purposes of study is its accuracy and straightforwardness. Results obtained finished observation are easier to analyse, and bring outed in a perceivable and consistent manner. In wrong of the design of the research, the use of timeline base is a feasible option, which meets the research aims of the study and unfolds different aspects of satisfaction among patients. The fact that the patients have been examined at three different periods following their first admission provides the researchers with the calamity to explore how satisfaction (or dissatisfaction) develops gradually. This is an important feature of the research design deployed, because here satisfaction is discussed in relation to memory and emotions, which change over time. This changeableness has been captured with the choice of the design. Also, it is a good way to operationalize and thus measu re the main(prenominal) variable patients satisfaction.Despite the fact that the operationalization of satisfaction was enhanced through the use of specific research design, the study could have likewise benefited from a large emphasis on open interviews, conducted with a certain (perhaps smaller) portion of the patients. This is because interviews countenance for more(prenominal) abstract and face-to-face issues to be uncovered in the research and these are issues which are usually unquantifiable and embarrassing to detect in observational studies and semi-structured interviews.As far as data collection is concerned, the authors of the first study have used two different models, designed to measure satisfaction one concentrating on potential base lines predictions combining satisfaction rack up from all time points (baselines, one month and three months) and a nonher one concentrating on the results from the follow ups only. The data was analysed using a three mistreat model, and applying standard linear statistical analysis (Katskakou et.al, 2010287-288). This all-inclusive choice of methods and models for data collection has enhanced linear results, which allow readers to obtain an extensive view of satisfaction not only as an isolated variable, but also as a process, which is happening over time. However, one of the weaknesses of this study in the methodological spokesperson is the sampling. The researchers have attempted to obtain a exemplar sample, covering hospitals from different geographic areas and patients of different ethnic and social backgrounds. Little, if anything is mentioned stock-still on how the eligibility of the patients has been identified (eligibility criteria). some other weakness in the methodology part is related to the decreasing number of patients interviewed at the baseline, the first month and the tertiary month and one year. For the baseline, the patients are 778, and for the one year follow up their number ha s decreased almost in double 396 (Katskakou et.al., 2010 289). This capability pose some problems related with the generalizability of the results obtained and the consistency of observations. Although it would be a formidable problem to keep the number of patients at each point exactly the same, at least proximity in the numbers of interviewees could have been targeted. Another manageable weakness of the study is related with the lack of causality between coercion and satisfaction. In other words, the study does not necessarily reveal a cause-effect kin between the two, because coercion in this observation has been explored as an case-by-case projection. However, this can also be looked at as an advantage, because a cause-effect birth between two abstract concepts can oversimplify their existence in a particular setting.To compare, the second study uses a very different methodology. It is a qualitative study, and the variables measured here are even more abstract compared t o the first study. The psychological aspects of personalised experiences relating to care are difficult to capture and quantify, and this is important to mention in the methodological review of the second study. In harm of choice of methods, the authors have used semi-structured interviews, conducted among family caregivers of 29 patients admitted involuntary against 12 hospitals in England (Jankovic et.al., 2011 1). Compared to the first study, here the sample is much smaller. It is problematic whether such a small sample can provide results, which are generalizable. Perhaps the authors have decided to choose smaller number of participants in order to observe the matter more fast. Here it is important to throwaway that the issue of carers experiences is sensitive and often a stressful one. Therefore a smaller sample would give the chance to conduct more little interviews, and thus capturing nuances of the matter, which remain unexamined in studies involving larger samples, du e to time constraints. Another problem with the sample, just like in the first study, is its ability to be the population. A closer look at the participants characteristics in the second study reveals that in more than 50 percent of the cases, the relationship of the carer to the patient is parent (Jankovic et.al., 2011 3). This fact could have influenced the results, since parents tend to be much more concerned for their children. They are concerned first as patients, and and then as carers therefore a more representative selection of the carers could have taken place (for example equal number of carers who are patients, partners, siblings or children). Yet, the study manages to make good use of thematic analysis, clustering answers of the patients and identifying four important themes relief and conflicting emotions in response to the admission, frustration with the delay in getting help, being given the burden of care by services and difficulties with confidentiality (Jankov ic et.al, 20113-4). Just like the first study, the methodology is well-implemented in terms of coding. In the second study, two independent researchers have been selected to code the interviews, and the results have been finalized through a joint discussion (Jankovic et.al, 20113).In both studies, the methods elect have met the research criteria, and have been meticulously implemented to produce comprehensive and well-themed results. Also, the proposed hypotheses have been well tested. Here it is important to note that both studies face up issues, which are not easily quantifiable or measurable. The first study concentrates on satisfaction among patients which have been involuntary admitted for treatment, while the other one focuses on an even more sensitive and abstract issue, related with personal experiences among family caregivers in the cases when patients have been admitted for treatment. Therefore the authors of both studies have made square effort in the planning of the re search, its design and implementation in order to make the themes of their research measurable. As a result both studies have managed to create consistent results. The first makes coercion and satisfaction measurable, with the implementation of a 0 to 5 scale of coercion and incorporating the results in a separate model. Critics would suggest that the method implemented in the first study is overly rigid for the investigation of issues, which are deeply psychological and reflect the personal perceptions of patients on the way they have been treated. Although the study could have benefited from a compounding of qualitative and quantitative methods, its reliance on quantitative techniques only does not affect the overall validity of the results. Perhaps one of the biggest strengths of this study is that through the interpretation of the results, the authors manage to reveal the connection between patients satisfaction and coercion as an individual perception. As already mentioned, t he second study relies alone on a qualitative technique. They authors capture the nuances in the experiences of the caregivers, and interpret the results closely adhering to the themes, identified by them during the data analysis stage.Both studies deal with aspects of psychiatric treatment, which are challenging due to their specificity. Therefore they both make important contribution to the literature and theory on the subject. The first study sheds light upon the complexity of coercion as an individual perception, and its results resonate with those obtained in primitively studies (Lidz et.al, 1998 Sorgard, 2004). Observing coercion as an individual perception, projected by patients as a result of hospital surroundings and treatment, shows a major transition in clinical psychology, and a shift towards a more plastic approach for understanding patients reactions. In this sense, this study can be classify as a constructivist study, because it measures how perceptions are form ed and exemplified by particular patients in particular environments. It deviates from earlier studies on the subject, like the ones conducted by Svensson et al. (1994) and Spenseley (1980), which observe patients satisfaction with treatment in their entirely empirical dimensions, ignoring individual projections. Similarly, the findings and conclusions from the second study (Jankovic et.al, 2011) resonate with conclusions from previous research on the subject (Simson et. al, 2002 Jones et.al, 2009). Therefore this study belongs to a particular body of literature in clinical psychology, which explores the psychological and social impact on families of care for peck with mental disorders.Both studies contribute to their relative subjects, and might have important implications in terms of policy reform in health care services for people with mental illnesses in the UK. Recommendations for policy-makers in this sector, stemming from Jankovics study include an better service, which woul d ensure that carers obtain proper assistance and cooperation from hospitals prior to the admission of mentally poorly(predicate) relatives. This would have positive implications to the quality of treatment of mentally unwell patients, by enhancing cooperation between carers and institutions, which would inevitably lead to a better scattering of responsibilities. Katsakous study might have policy implications as well, because it reveals the compulsion for hindrances, which would reduce patients perceived coercion.In conclusion, both studies discussed in this review present specific aspects of treatment of mentally unwell patients. Despite some weaknesses in sampling, and some minor limitations, both studies make significant contributions in their relative fields, and offer new, and well-supported angles of interpretation on the themes they cover. Both studies make good use of research methods, despite the differences in the number of participants for the first and the second stu dy. whatever issues related to generalizability of the results have arisen, such as the decreasing number of discover patients in the first study and the small sample in the second study. Still, the data analysis and the interpretation of the results obtained have been meticulously carried out and well situated in the context of existing literature. In addition, both studies might serve as a basis for policy-reform in the UK healthcare system, at long last leading to improvement of the latter. In sum, the studies present cohesive and well-researched conclusions and can be a useful reading for students and professionals, occupied in the field of clinical Psychiatry, Health Services and Public Policy. Reference list Jankovic J, Yeeles K, Katsakou C, Amos T, Morriss R, Rose D, Nichol P, McCabe R, Priebe S (2011) Family caregivers experiences of involuntary psychiatric hospital admissions of their relatives a qualitative study, PLoS atomic number 53 6(10) e25425.Jones IR, Nilufar A , Catty J, McLaren S, Rose D, Wykes T, et al. (2009) Illness careers and continuity of care in mental health services A qualitative study of service users and carers. Soc Sci Med 69 632639.Katsakou C, Bowers L, Amos T, Morriss R, Rose D, Wykes T, Priebe S (2010) Coercion and Treatment Satisfaction Among Involuntary forbearings, psychiatrical Services 61 286-292Lidz C, Mulvey EP, Hoge SK (1998) et al Factual sources of psychiatric patients perceptionsof coercion in the hospital admission process. American Journal of Psychiatry 15512541260Simpson EL, theatre AO (2002) Involving users in the delivery and evaluation of mental health services dogmatic review. BMJ 325 12651268Sorgaard K (2004) patients perception of coercion in acute psychiatric wards an interventionstudy. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry 58299304Spensley J, Edwards DW, White E (1980) Patient satisfaction and involuntary treatment. AmericanJournal of Orthopsychiatry 50725729Svensson B, Hansson L (1994) Patient satisfac tion with inpatient psychiatric care. Acta PsychiatricaScandinavica 90379384