Comparative Academic Review

IntroductionThe aspects of psychiatrical discussion of patients fork up been widely discussed in the academic literature on the subject in the last several(prenominal) decades. In two associate studies, Christina Katsakou et el. (2010) and Jelena Jankovic et. al (2011) trace the practical implications of treatment contentment and c aregivers experiences respectively. twain studies cover specific aspects of psychiatric treatment in the UK.The first engage up foc designs on the irresistible impulse and treatment pleasure among patients, who adjudge been admitted for psychiatric treatment involuntarily. The look, conducted in 2010, reveals the impact of obsession on the merriment of treatment among patients, as tumefy as the psychological aspects of coercion. The playing field has been conducted as an observation in 22 hospitals in England, w here(predicate) a total of 778 patients were recruited (Katsakou et. al, 2010). Their blessedness with the treatment they receive d has been striped at distinct stages peerless week, nonpareil month, three months and superstar year after the admission. In cabaret to measure the levels of bliss, the authors draw utilize factors lots(prenominal) as clinical improvement and clinical characteristics. The results from this shoot were obtained using standard statistical analysis, and indicated an increase in the delight among involuntarily admitted patients between their first admission and the dissimilar follow ups. The siemens say, conducted in 2011, focuses on the experiences of family caregivers during unvoluntary hospital admissions of their sex acts. It is a qualitative guinea pig, which used as a research method semi-structured inter purviews, conducted with 29 caregivers whose relatives corroborate been admitted unbidden in 12 hospitals across England (Jankovic et.al., 2011). Throughout the pick out, major themes begin been identified, such as relief and conflicting emotions, frustratio n with the fit of getting help, and so forth The results of the atomic number 42 survey have concluded that the role of the family caregivers can be enhanced if their duties are valued enough, without turning into a burden. The pur rile of this apprize academic review is to critically compare both studies, high leisurelying their strengths, weaknesses and doable contributions to the literature on the subject.Both studies provide valuable insight on the subject of treatment of patients with psychical illnesses, and reveal the interactive nature of the clinical process as a dynamic interaction between different elements institutions, caregivers, and patients. Both studies manage to reveal the intricacy of the connection, which exists between coercion and satisfaction in the first case, and family caregivers as active elements in the process of unwilling admission in the plunk for case.The first study uses a decimal research method and statistical analysis, based on an experi mental study. The study has been conducted in 22 hospitals in England. The advantage of the choice of this method for the purposes of study is its accuracy and straightforwardness. Results obtained finished observation are easier to analyse, and bring outed in a perceivable and consistent manner. In wrong of the design of the research, the use of timeline base is a feasible option, which meets the research aims of the study and unfolds different aspects of satisfaction among patients. The fact that the patients have been examined at three different periods following their first admission provides the researchers with the calamity to explore how satisfaction (or dissatisfaction) develops gradually. This is an important feature of the research design deployed, because here satisfaction is discussed in relation to memory and emotions, which change over time. This changeableness has been captured with the choice of the design. Also, it is a good way to operationalize and thus measu re the main(prenominal) variable patients satisfaction.Despite the fact that the operationalization of satisfaction was enhanced through the use of specific research design, the study could have likewise benefited from a large emphasis on open interviews, conducted with a certain (perhaps smaller) portion of the patients. This is because interviews countenance for more(prenominal) abstract and face-to-face issues to be uncovered in the research and these are issues which are usually unquantifiable and embarrassing to detect in observational studies and semi-structured interviews.As far as data collection is concerned, the authors of the first study have used two different models, designed to measure satisfaction one concentrating on potential base lines predictions combining satisfaction rack up from all time points (baselines, one month and three months) and a nonher one concentrating on the results from the follow ups only. The data was analysed using a three mistreat model, and applying standard linear statistical analysis (Katskakou et.al, 2010287-288). This all-inclusive choice of methods and models for data collection has enhanced linear results, which allow readers to obtain an extensive view of satisfaction not only as an isolated variable, but also as a process, which is happening over time. However, one of the weaknesses of this study in the methodological spokesperson is the sampling. The researchers have attempted to obtain a exemplar sample, covering hospitals from different geographic areas and patients of different ethnic and social backgrounds. Little, if anything is mentioned stock-still on how the eligibility of the patients has been identified (eligibility criteria). some other weakness in the methodology part is related to the decreasing number of patients interviewed at the baseline, the first month and the tertiary month and one year. For the baseline, the patients are 778, and for the one year follow up their number ha s decreased almost in double 396 (Katskakou et.al., 2010 289). This capability pose some problems related with the generalizability of the results obtained and the consistency of observations. Although it would be a formidable problem to keep the number of patients at each point exactly the same, at least proximity in the numbers of interviewees could have been targeted. Another manageable weakness of the study is related with the lack of causality between coercion and satisfaction. In other words, the study does not necessarily reveal a cause-effect kin between the two, because coercion in this observation has been explored as an case-by-case projection. However, this can also be looked at as an advantage, because a cause-effect birth between two abstract concepts can oversimplify their existence in a particular setting.To compare, the second study uses a very different methodology. It is a qualitative study, and the variables measured here are even more abstract compared t o the first study. The psychological aspects of personalised experiences relating to care are difficult to capture and quantify, and this is important to mention in the methodological review of the second study. In harm of choice of methods, the authors have used semi-structured interviews, conducted among family caregivers of 29 patients admitted involuntary against 12 hospitals in England (Jankovic et.al., 2011 1). Compared to the first study, here the sample is much smaller. It is problematic whether such a small sample can provide results, which are generalizable. Perhaps the authors have decided to choose smaller number of participants in order to observe the matter more fast. Here it is important to throwaway that the issue of carers experiences is sensitive and often a stressful one. Therefore a smaller sample would give the chance to conduct more little interviews, and thus capturing nuances of the matter, which remain unexamined in studies involving larger samples, du e to time constraints. Another problem with the sample, just like in the first study, is its ability to be the population. A closer look at the participants characteristics in the second study reveals that in more than 50 percent of the cases, the relationship of the carer to the patient is parent (Jankovic et.al., 2011 3). This fact could have influenced the results, since parents tend to be much more concerned for their children. They are concerned first as patients, and and then as carers therefore a more representative selection of the carers could have taken place (for example equal number of carers who are patients, partners, siblings or children). Yet, the study manages to make good use of thematic analysis, clustering answers of the patients and identifying four important themes relief and conflicting emotions in response to the admission, frustration with the delay in getting help, being given the burden of care by services and difficulties with confidentiality (Jankov ic et.al, 20113-4). Just like the first study, the methodology is well-implemented in terms of coding. In the second study, two independent researchers have been selected to code the interviews, and the results have been finalized through a joint discussion (Jankovic et.al, 20113).In both studies, the methods elect have met the research criteria, and have been meticulously implemented to produce comprehensive and well-themed results. Also, the proposed hypotheses have been well tested. Here it is important to note that both studies face up issues, which are not easily quantifiable or measurable. The first study concentrates on satisfaction among patients which have been involuntary admitted for treatment, while the other one focuses on an even more sensitive and abstract issue, related with personal experiences among family caregivers in the cases when patients have been admitted for treatment. Therefore the authors of both studies have made square effort in the planning of the re search, its design and implementation in order to make the themes of their research measurable. As a result both studies have managed to create consistent results. The first makes coercion and satisfaction measurable, with the implementation of a 0 to 5 scale of coercion and incorporating the results in a separate model. Critics would suggest that the method implemented in the first study is overly rigid for the investigation of issues, which are deeply psychological and reflect the personal perceptions of patients on the way they have been treated. Although the study could have benefited from a compounding of qualitative and quantitative methods, its reliance on quantitative techniques only does not affect the overall validity of the results. Perhaps one of the biggest strengths of this study is that through the interpretation of the results, the authors manage to reveal the connection between patients satisfaction and coercion as an individual perception. As already mentioned, t he second study relies alone on a qualitative technique. They authors capture the nuances in the experiences of the caregivers, and interpret the results closely adhering to the themes, identified by them during the data analysis stage.Both studies deal with aspects of psychiatric treatment, which are challenging due to their specificity. Therefore they both make important contribution to the literature and theory on the subject. The first study sheds light upon the complexity of coercion as an individual perception, and its results resonate with those obtained in primitively studies (Lidz et.al, 1998 Sorgard, 2004). Observing coercion as an individual perception, projected by patients as a result of hospital surroundings and treatment, shows a major transition in clinical psychology, and a shift towards a more plastic approach for understanding patients reactions. In this sense, this study can be classify as a constructivist study, because it measures how perceptions are form ed and exemplified by particular patients in particular environments. It deviates from earlier studies on the subject, like the ones conducted by Svensson et al. (1994) and Spenseley (1980), which observe patients satisfaction with treatment in their entirely empirical dimensions, ignoring individual projections. Similarly, the findings and conclusions from the second study (Jankovic et.al, 2011) resonate with conclusions from previous research on the subject (Simson et. al, 2002 Jones et.al, 2009). Therefore this study belongs to a particular body of literature in clinical psychology, which explores the psychological and social impact on families of care for peck with mental disorders.Both studies contribute to their relative subjects, and might have important implications in terms of policy reform in health care services for people with mental illnesses in the UK. Recommendations for policy-makers in this sector, stemming from Jankovics study include an better service, which woul d ensure that carers obtain proper assistance and cooperation from hospitals prior to the admission of mentally poorly(predicate) relatives. This would have positive implications to the quality of treatment of mentally unwell patients, by enhancing cooperation between carers and institutions, which would inevitably lead to a better scattering of responsibilities. Katsakous study might have policy implications as well, because it reveals the compulsion for hindrances, which would reduce patients perceived coercion.In conclusion, both studies discussed in this review present specific aspects of treatment of mentally unwell patients. Despite some weaknesses in sampling, and some minor limitations, both studies make significant contributions in their relative fields, and offer new, and well-supported angles of interpretation on the themes they cover. Both studies make good use of research methods, despite the differences in the number of participants for the first and the second stu dy. whatever issues related to generalizability of the results have arisen, such as the decreasing number of discover patients in the first study and the small sample in the second study. Still, the data analysis and the interpretation of the results obtained have been meticulously carried out and well situated in the context of existing literature. In addition, both studies might serve as a basis for policy-reform in the UK healthcare system, at long last leading to improvement of the latter. In sum, the studies present cohesive and well-researched conclusions and can be a useful reading for students and professionals, occupied in the field of clinical Psychiatry, Health Services and Public Policy. Reference list Jankovic J, Yeeles K, Katsakou C, Amos T, Morriss R, Rose D, Nichol P, McCabe R, Priebe S (2011) Family caregivers experiences of involuntary psychiatric hospital admissions of their relatives a qualitative study, PLoS atomic number 53 6(10) e25425.Jones IR, Nilufar A , Catty J, McLaren S, Rose D, Wykes T, et al. (2009) Illness careers and continuity of care in mental health services A qualitative study of service users and carers. 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